Biology 2401 Collin College Lab Practical 1

Characteristics of anatomical position

Standing upright

Feet parallel and on the floor

Head level and looking forward

Arms at the side of the body

Palms facing forward and thumbs pointing away from the body

crural

shin

Perineal

region between the anus and the external reproductive organs

Scapular

shoulder blade

Cervical

neck

Occipital

back of head

Coxal

hip

Antebrachial

forearm

Otic

ear

Axillary

armpit

Tarsal

ankle

Femoral

thigh

Mental

chin

Sternal

breastbone

The Mental is Superior to the __________ but inferior to the __________

Acromial and Buccal

Antecubital

front of elbow

back of elbow

olecranal

the antecubital area is _____________ to the carpal area

proximal

Proximal

Closer to the point of attachment

Distal

away from the point of attachment

The Patellar is ____________ to the gluteal

anterior

The pollex and pinky finger are what to each other in anatomical position?

Lateral

The Nasal is __________ to the Otic?

Medial

Lateral

away from the midline

Medial definition

towards the midline

Midline

An imaginary line is drawn down the center of the body, dividing it into right and left halves.

Ventral

front

Dorsal

back

Sagittal

A plane that divides the body into right and left portions.

Transverse

Divides body into upper and lower parts

Frontal (coronal)

divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

What organs are apart of the dorsal body cavity?

Brain and spinal cord

What organs are apart of the ventral body cavity?

lungs, heart, stomach, intestines & reproductive organs

The Thoracic cavity consists of ...

Pleural cavity: lungs

Pericardial cavity: heart

Mediastinal cavity: space between the apex of the lungs

Serosa

serous membrane; epithelial membrane that secretes a thin, watery fluid

Visceral

Covers a vital organ

Parietal

lines a body cavity or body wall

Pericardium

Membrane surrounding the heart

Pleura

Membrane surrounding the lungs

Peritoneum

membrane that lines the abdominal cavity

organs found in right upper quadrant

Colon (hepatic flexure), liver, and gallbladder.

organs found in the left upper quadrant

Stomach, colon (splenic flexure), pancreas, and spleen.

organs found in the right lower quadrant

Small intestines, cecum, and appendix.

organs found in the left lower quadrant

left ovary, Small intestines and sigmoid colon.

A

right hypochondriac region?

C

Left hypochondriac region?

D

Right lumbar region?

F

Left lumbar region?

B

Epigastric region?

E

Umbillical region?

H

Hypogastric region?

G

Right iliac (inguinal) region?

I

Left iliac (inguinal) region?

Four tissue types

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

epithelial tissue

Tissue that covers outside of the body and lines organs and cavities.

connective tissue

A body tissue that provides support for the body and connects all of its parts

muscular tissue

Contracts and moves the various parts of the body.

nervous tissue

A body tissue that carries electrical messages back and forth between the brain and every other part of the body.

types of connective tissue

connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, blood

types of muscle tissue

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

Type of epithelial tissue

skin

type of nervous tissue

neurons and glial cells

What organ systems does the heart belong to?

cardiovascular

Spleen

This organ belongs to the lymphatic system

What organ system does the brain belong to?

nervous system

liver

This organ belongs to the digestive system

What organ system does the uterus belong to?

Reproductive system

Kidney

This organ belongs to the urinary system

What organ system does the pancreas belong to?

Endocrine system

Cartilage

This organ belongs to the skeletal system?

What organ system does the epidermis belong to?

Integumentary system

function of muscular system

locomotion, support, heat production

function of lymphatic system

Returns fluid leaked from blood vessels to blood and Defense against infection and disease

function of integumentary system

Protection from injury and pathogens, waterproofs the body, regulation of body temp- synthesizes vitamin D3

function of nervous system

receives sensory information and coordinates the body's response

function of respitory system

gets oxygen from outside and exhales carbon dioxide

Trachea

This organ belongs to the respiratory system

function of cardiovascular system

to deliver oxygen and nutrients and to remove carbon dioxide and other waste products

Function of skeletal system

support, protection, movement, storage, blood cell production

function of digestive system

break down and absorbs nutrients from food; removes waste; maintains water balance

function of reproductive system

production of Germ (sex) cells and hormones

function of urinary system

elimination of excess water, salts, and waste products; control of pH

function of endocrine system

1. To secrete hormones that coordinate and direct target cells and organs

simple squamous epithelium

Function: Allows passage of materials by diffusion and filtration in sites where protection is not important; secretes lubricating substances in serosae.

Location: Kidney glomeruli, air sacs of lungs, lining of heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels; lining of ventral body cavity(serosae)

simple cubodial epithelium

Function: secretion and absorption

Location: Kidney tubules; ducts and secretory portions of small glands, ovary surface.

simple columnar epithelium

Function: Absorption; secretion of mucus, enzymes, and other substances; ciliated type propels mucus (or reproductive cells) by ciliated action.

Location: nonciliated type lines most of the digestive tract (stomach to anal canal), gallbladder and excretory ducts of some glands; ciliated variety lines small bronchi, uterine tubes, and some regions of the uterus.

transitional epithelium

function: stretches readily and permits distension of urinary organ by contained urine

Location: lines the ureters, urinary bladder, and part of the urethra

stratified squamous epithelium

Function: protects underlying tissues in areas subject to abrasion

Location: nonkeratinized type forms the moist lining of the esophagus, mouth, and vagina; keratinized type forms the epidermis of the skin, a dry membrane.

stratified cuboidal epithelium

Function: protection

Location: Largest ducts of sweat glands, mammary glands, and salivary glands.

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Function: Protection, secretion, movement of mucus

Location: Linings of respiratory passages

What is mesenchyme?

This is the first connective tissue to appear in the embryo

CT proper

loose CT and dense CT

loose connective tissue

areolar, adipose, reticular

dense connective tissue

dense regular, dense irregular, elastic

specialized connective tissue

cartilage, bone, blood

What is the functional role of ground substance in connective tissue?

provide a route for communication and transport (by diffusion) between tissues

fluid connective tissue

blood and lymph

Supporting CT

cartilage and bone

adipose tissue

Tissue that stores fat.

Reticular tissue

type of loose connective tissue that provides a supportive framework to soft organs, such as lymphatic tissue, spleen, and the liver