AP psych consisouness

Alpha Beta

when your awake

Theta Waves

falling asleep, 5 mins long, easy to wake up from, rem

Spindal

20 minutes, relatively still easy to wake

Delta Wave

deep sleep, 30 min

Rem stand for

rapid eye movement

what stage can you move in 90 minute sleep cycle

3

why can’t you move in REM

so you don’t act out your dreams

What brain scan do we use for research?

EEG

What hormones are associated with sleep

Melatonin, Serotonin, PONS Pineal Gland, Putarity gland, hypothalamus

how does serotonin help you sleep

Serotonin promotes wakefulness and helps the body produce melatonin

how does Pons help you sleep

helping you with your dreams turns off modern neuron

how does pineal gland help you sleep

The pineal gland helps you sleep by producing and releasing the hormone melatonin in response to darkness

How does putarity gland help you sleep

The pituitary gland helps you sleep primarily by releasing human growth hormone (HGH) during deep sleep

how does hypothalamus help you sleep

AI Overview

The hypothalamus acts as the brain’s master control center for sleep by regulating your internal biological clock and turning off the brain's arousal systems

Memory Consolidation

all the paperwork of the day gets processed

Restoration

the idea that sleep functions to repair and recharge

What does sleep depervation lead to?

Weak imune system, brain fog, poor memory, Leptin levels go down (feel more Hungary to weight gain)

Hypnagogic

state occurring just before falling asleep, characterized by vivid imagery and sensations.

Paradoxical Sleep

a stage of sleep where the brain is active, resembling wakefulness, but the body is effectively paralyzed. It is often associated with vivid dreams.

R.E.M Rebound

occurs when a person who has been deprived of REM sleep experiences increased amounts of it during subsequent sleep cycles.

Insomnia

a sleep disorder characterized by persistent difficulty in falling asleep, staying asleep, or getting restorative sleep. it is a side effect of medicine, calorie dense eating before bed.

Narcolepsy

a sleep disorder marked by excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden sleep attacks, often accompanied by cataplexy. Triggers- scared, laughter, and surprise

cataplexy

loss of muscle control in REM

Triggers of Narclopsy

scared and laughter main surprise

REM Sleep behavior disorder

acting out dreams, dont get parylis, not smooth sleep

Sleep apnea

stop breathing 200 times a night, 2 ways to get it 1st way is most common and obesity, smoking are contributing factors. 2nd is genetic (need cap machine)

Somnublism

-Mainly afflicting children, -sleep walk in stage 3 deep sleep (delta waves)

Latent Content

Hidden Symbolism, everyone has same dreams that fall into categories

Manifest Content

stupid story, unique dreams

Information Processing

-The theory that dreams help us process and consolidate memories from the day, often reflecting our daily experiences and thoughts.

Activation-Synthesis

This theory suggests that dreams are the brain's attempt to make sense of random neural activity during sleep, resulting in a narrative that may not have significant meaning.

Circadian Rhythms

Biological processes that follow a roughly 24-hour cycle, regulating sleep-wake patterns and other physiological functions. Things that disrupt them, 1) side effects of meds, 2) working night shifts, 3) daylight savings time, 4) jet lag, 5) weekends

Depressants

depressing nervous system (relaxing) alcohol, alochoool is a toxin and your body is trying to get rid of that toxin

Stimulants

stilmuates nervous system, cocaine, meth, caffeine

Hallucinges (psychedelics)

neural activation. LCD, or Acid

Opioids

euphoric feeling, body stop producing endorphins, morphine and heroine

areas effected by depressants

broca area, cerebellum, and frontal lobe

Physical vs Psychological dependence

physical dependence is temporary and goes away once your body gets through withdrawal phyvholigcal is when body good brain still want

addiction

once in addiction people need drug more than they like drug

Tolerance

body adapting to drugs

withdrawal

discomfit and systems that occur when reducing or stopping intake of a substance after prolonged use.

Consciences

The state of being aware of and able to think about one's own existence, thoughts, and surroundings, often considered a key aspect of human cognition.

Hypnosis

A state of focused attention and heightened suggestibility, often used for therapeutic purposes or to alter consciousness.

Posthypnotic suggestion

a technique used in hypnosis where a person is instructed to behave in a certain way after coming out of the hypnotic state.

dissociation

a psychological condition where a person experiences a disconnection from their thoughts, feelings, or sense of identity, often as a response to trauma.

sleep

A natural recurring state of mind characterized by altered consciousness, relatively inhibited sensory activity, inhibition of muscle activity, and reduced interactions with surroundings.

circadian rhythm

the natural, internal process that regulates the sleep-wake cycle and repeats roughly every 24 hours, influencing various biological processes.

alpha waves

are brain waves that occur during relaxed, calm states of wakefulness, typically with a frequency of 8 to 12 Hz, and are associated with light meditation and daydreaming.

hallucinations

are perceptions in the absence of external stimuli, often experienced as visual or auditory disturbances that can occur during sleep deprivation or certain neurological conditions.

delta waves

are brain waves that occur during deep sleep, characterized by a frequency of 0.5 to 4 Hz, and are associated with restorative sleep and the highest amplitude brain activity.

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

is a group of cells in the hypothalamus that regulates circadian rhythms, influencing sleep-wake cycles and hormone release.

night terrors

are episodes of extreme fear during sleep, often accompanied by screaming, thrashing, or confusion, occurring predominantly in children and typically not recalled the next morning.

Substance use disorder

is a condition characterized by an individual's inability to control their use of substances, leading to significant impairment or distress. This disorder can involve legal drugs, prescription medications, or illicit drugs.

psychoactive drug

is a chemical substance that alters brain function, resulting in changes in mood, perception, or consciousness. These drugs can be used recreationally or for therapeutic purposes.

barbiturates

are a class of drugs that depress the central nervous system, leading to sedation, relaxation, and decreased anxiety. They are sometimes used to treat anxiety or sleep disorders but can be highly addictive.

near death experince

is a personal experience associated with death or impending death, typically characterized by sensations of detachment from the body, feelings of peace, and the perception of bright lights or visions.

what does nicotine fall under?

stimulant

what foes cocaine fall under

stimulant

what does amphetamines fall under

stimulant

what does metaphetamine fall under

stimulant

what does ecstasy fall under

stimulant and hallucinogen

what is LSD fall under

hallucinogen

William James

an American philosopher and psychologist, often referred to as the "father of American psychology," who explored the nature of consciousness and its flow in his work.

Sigmund Freud

a neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, known for his theories on the unconscious mind and the development of personality.

Ernest Hilgard

an American psychologist known for his research on hypnosis and the concept of the "hidden observer" within consciousness.

Hidden observer

a phenomenon proposed by Ernest Hilgard in which a part of the mind remains aware of experiences even when another part is subject to hypnosis.