AP GOV VOCAB 2

Social Movements

Organized collective efforts to achieve or resist social and political change.

De Jure Segregation

Separation of groups required or enforced by law.

De Facto Segregation

Separation that occurs in practice without an explicit legal requirement.

Affirmative Action

Policies intended to expand opportunities for historically disadvantaged groups; their legal

limits vary by context.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Federal law prohibiting specified discrimination in public accommodations, employment,

and other settings.

Vocting Rights Act of 1965

Federal law aimed at preventing racial discrimination in voting.

Title lX

Federal law prohibiting sex discrimination in education programs receiving federal financial assistance.

Material and Substantial Disruption

Tinker standard describing serious interference with school operations that

can justify regulating student expression.

13th Ammendment

Amendment abolishing slavery and involuntary servitude except as punishment for a

crime after conviction.

Political Culture

Shared political values, beliefs, and expectations in a society.

Individualism

Belief in personal freedom, initiative, and responsibility.

Free Enterprise

Economic system emphasizing private ownership, competition, and market decisions.

Rule of Law

Principle that everyone, including government officials, is subject to law.

Limited Government

Principle that government power is restricted by law and constitutional rules.

Political Ideology

Organized set of beliefs about government's proper role and public policy.

Political Socialization

Process through which people develop political beliefs and values.

Political Beliefs

Opinions about political issues, institutions, and government.

Political Values

Underlying principles used to judge political institutions and policies.

Generational Effect

Political outlook shaped by experiences shared by people born around the same period.

Life-Cycle Effect

Change in political attitudes associated with aging and life circumstances.