Chapter 4: Ethical Guidelines for Psych

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Last updated 12:15 AM on 9/19/26
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13 Terms

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History of IRB

1932 Tuskegee Syphilis Study —> 1979 Belmont Report —>1991 Common Rule

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IRB

(Institutional Review Board): enforces ethical guidelines for human subject research

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Tuskegee Syphilis Study

  • 1932-1972

  • Researchers interested in the progression of untreated syphilis specifically used poor, uneducated, black men as subjects ; denying them verified treatment of pencillin while claiming to be treating them

  • Baseline for Belmont Report


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The Common Rule

  • 1991

  • APA Ethical Standard 8: Written for psychologists researching

    • [Institutional Review Boards

    • Informed Consent

    • Coercion to Participate

    • Deception

    • Debriefing

    • Research Misconduct]


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Coercion

occurs when perceived authority figure applies pressure or attempts to influence individuals participation

  • belief that not participating will lead to negative consequences

  • Compensation/Reward should not be excessively high that it overrides consideration


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Deception

  • using confederates

  • provide false feedback

  • present related studies as unrelated

  • lying about stimulus material

(Not always wrong )


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Objections to Deception

  • Deontological objection: lying is always morally wrong

  • Development of Mistrust: people wont participate

  • Future studies seem suspicious: changes behavior


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Justification for Deception

  • study requires deception

  • cannot deceive participant autonomous participation

  • cannot deceive about risks

  • MUST INCLUDE A DEBRIEFING SESSION


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Debriefement

Participants are told about the nature of the study post completion

Goals: Clarify nature, allows participants to express feelings, decreases the consequences of deceit, allow researchers to showcase appreciation for participation


Note: Nondeceptive studies may include debriefement

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Research Misconduct

  1. Plagarism

  2. Fabrication

  3. Falsification


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Plagarism

represent the words or ideas of others as your won (you can self plagerise)

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Fabrication

invent data to support hypothesis

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Falsification

researchers influence study’s result

  • selectivley delete data points

  • influence participant behavior