A&P Chapters 6, 7 & 8 Vocabulary Memory Guide

Vocabulary flashcards for studying skeletal structures, joints, tissues, and bodily movements from Anatomy & Physiology Chapters 6, 7 & 8.

Compact bone

Dense, hard outer bone tissue; strong and resistant to compression.

Diploe

Spongy bone between two compact-bone layers in flat skull bones.

Epiphyseal line

Completely ossified remnant of the epiphyseal growth plate.

Irregular bone

Bone with a complex shape; often protects/supports internal structures.

Osteoporosis

Disease characterized by decreased bone mass and increased fracture risk.

Osteoid

Unmineralized organic bone matrix secreted by osteoblasts.

Zone of hypertrophy

Growth-plate region where chondrocytes enlarge and mature.

Zone of ossification

Region where new bone is formed.

Primary ossification center

Region where bone development first begins during endochondral ossification.

Periosteum

Fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of bone.

Perichondrium

Membrane covering cartilage.

Projection

Bone marking that sticks out; often an attachment site.

Facet

Small, smooth, flat articular surface.

Manubrium

Superior portion of the sternum.

Scoliosis

Abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column.

Secondary curvatures

Posteriorly concave cervical and lumbar curves that develop after birth.

Fontanelles

Fibrous spaces between infant skull bones.

Suture

Immovable fibrous joint connecting skull bones except mandible.

Synostosis

Site where adjacent bones or bony components have fused.

Acromial process

Acromion of scapula; lateral extension of scapular spine.

Acromioclavicular joint

Joint between scapular acromion and acromial end of clavicle.

Acromial end of clavicle

Lateral clavicle end articulating with acromion.

Medial border of scapula

Elongated medial margin of scapula.

Lunate

Second proximal carpal from lateral side; articulates with radius.

Pisiform

Small sesamoid carpal anterior to triquetrum.

Pollex

Thumb; digit 1 of hand.

Phalanx bone of hand

One of 14 bones forming thumb and fingers.

Neck of radius

Narrow region immediately distal to radial head.

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Small projection on lateral distal humerus.

Lateral supracondylar ridge

Narrow ridge superior to lateral humeral epicondyle.

Olecranon fossa

Posterior distal-humerus depression receiving olecranon in extension.

Olecranon process

Proximal ulna projection forming elbow tip.

Acetabulum

Large cup-shaped hip socket formed by ilium, ischium and pubis.

Ilium

Superior and largest portion of hip bone.

Pelvic girdle

Hip girdle attaching a lower limb to axial skeleton.

Pelvis

Ring formed by hip bones, sacrum and coccyx.

Pelvic inlet

Superior opening of lesser pelvis at pelvic brim.

Pelvic outlet

Inferior opening of lesser pelvis.

Obturator foramen

Large opening between pubis and ischium.

Pubic body

Enlarged medial portion of pubis.

Pubic arch

Bony arch below pubic symphysis.

Pubic symphysis

Joint between right and left pubic bodies.

Lateral condyle of femur

Smooth lateral distal-femur articular surface.

Lateral epicondyle of femur

Roughened area lateral to lateral femoral condyle.

Lateral condyle of tibia

Lateral expanded proximal tibia articulating with femur.

Medial condyle of femur

Smooth medial distal-femur articular surface.

Medial condyle of tibia

Medial expanded proximal tibia articulating with femur.

Medial epicondyle of femur

Roughened area on medial femoral condyle.

Medial malleolus

Bony expansion on medial distal tibia.

Lateral malleolus

Expanded distal end of fibula.

Leg

Lower-limb region between knee and ankle.

Patella

Kneecap; largest sesamoid bone.

Neck of femur

Narrow region inferior to femoral head.

Proximal tibiofibular joint

Joint between fibular head and lateral tibial condyle.

Lateral cuneiform

Most lateral of three cuneiform tarsals.

Medial cuneiform

Most medial of three cuneiform tarsals.

Navicular

Tarsal between talus and three cuneiforms.

Phalanx bone of foot

One of 14 bones forming toes.

Articulation

A joint; site where bones meet.

Articular cartilage

Hyaline cartilage covering articulating bone surfaces.

Articular disc

Fibrocartilage structure that cushions some synovial joints.

Acetabular labrum

Fibrocartilage rim around acetabulum.

Amphiarthrosis

Slightly movable joint.

Synarthrosis

Immovable or nearly immovable joint.

Cartilaginous joint

Joint where bones are united by cartilage.

Symphysis

Cartilaginous joint joined by fibrocartilage.

Synchondrosis

Cartilaginous joint joined by hyaline cartilage.

Syndesmosis

Fibrous joint connecting separated bones by ligament/interosseous membrane.

Synovial joint

Joint with bone surfaces inside a fluid-filled cavity and capsule.

Synovial membrane

Inner joint lining that produces synovial fluid.

Synovial fluid

Lubricating fluid filling a synovial joint cavity.

Bursa

Fluid-filled sac reducing friction between structures.

Ligament

Dense connective tissue connecting bone to bone.

Tendon

Dense connective tissue attaching muscle to bone.

Tendon sheath

Fluid-containing sleeve around tendon reducing friction.

Periodontal ligament

Dense tissue anchoring tooth root into jaw socket.

Patellar ligament

Ligament from patella to anterior tibia.

Fibular collateral ligament

Lateral knee ligament from femur to fibular head.

Lateral meniscus

Fibrocartilage disc between lateral femoral and tibial condyles.

Plane joint

Synovial joint with flat surfaces that glide.

Pivot joint

Uniaxial synovial joint allowing rotation.

Condyloid joint

Biaxial joint with rounded surface in shallow depression.

Ball-and-socket joint

Multiaxial joint with spherical head in socket.

Biaxial joint

Joint permitting movement in two planes.

Atlanto-occipital joint

Joint between occipital condyles and atlas C1.

Atlantoaxial joint

Joint between atlas C1 and axis C2; permits rotation.

Glenohumeral joint

Shoulder joint between glenoid cavity and humeral head.

Elbow joint

Primarily hinge joint for flexion and extension.

Midcarpal joint

Joint between proximal and distal carpal rows.

Talocrural joint

True ankle joint between talus and distal tibia/fibula.

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

Mandible-temporal bone joint allowing jaw motions.

Adduction

Movement toward/across body midline.

Abduction

Movement away from body midline.

Circumduction

Circular sequence of flexion, abduction, extension, adduction.

Dorsiflexion

Brings top of foot toward anterior leg.

Eversion

Turns sole laterally away from midline.

Elevation

Upward movement of scapula or mandible.

Flexion

Movement decreasing joint angle.

Lateral flexion

Bending neck/body to right or left.

Supinated position

Forearm position with palm facing anteriorly.