Exam 3: Catabolism Energy Release and Conservation

True or False: CHONPS are usually presented together

true (linear or in ring)

What has allowed for the differences in metabolism of the different domains of life?

evolution

Nutritional types of organisms: Photo vs Chemo

energy source comes from light (photo) or chemical compound (chemo)

Nutritional types of organisms: organo vs litho

electron source organic compound or reduced inorganic substance

Nutritional types of organisms: heterotroph vs autotroph

carbon source is organic molecule or CO2

True or False: Chemoorganoautotroph are a nutritional type of organism

False

Majority of microorganisms are (3)

1. photolithoautotrophs

2. chemolithoautotrophs

3. chemoorganoheterotrophs

Primary producers

1. photolithoautotrophs

2. chemolithoautotrophs

2 other names for chemoorganoheterotrophes

chemoheterotrophs
chemoorganotrophs

Majority of pathogens or what and why?

Chemoorganoheterotrophs because humans are chemoorganoheterotrophs

for chemoorganoheterotrophs what provides energy, electrons and carbon source

organic molecules

True or false: can organisms change type of nutritional type they are depending on environment

True

Fueling Reactions: all organisms need (3)

ATP

reducing power

precursor metabolites

ATP

energy currency

reducing power

supply electrons in chemical reaction

Example of molecules that provide reducing power

NADPH and NADH work as effector molecules for certain enzymes in catabolism and anabolism

precursor metabolites

for biosynthesis, 12 carbon skeleton can come together to form different amino acids

Types of metabolism that Chemorganotrophs can do

fermentation

aerobic respiration (O2 electron last electron acceptor in ETC)

Anaerobic respiration (inorganic molecule last electron acceptor in ETC)

respiration

use of proton motor force to drive ATP synthesis where electrons are donated to electron transport chain

Types of metabolism that chemolithotrophs can only do

aerobic respiration

anaerobic respiration

In chemorganoptrops the energy source is

fully or partially oxidized (loss of e- and associated H)

catabolism provides ___ and ___ for anabolism

carbon, electrons

When NAD+ and FAD+ accept electrons from what to form what?

Oxidized organic energy source, NADH and FADH

fermentation

when electrons are donated to enodgenous acceptor PYRUVATE or pyruvate product

NO³-, SO4²-, CO2, Fe3+ or SeoO4² are example of ____ acceptors in ___ respiration

exogenous, anaerobic

What generates the pmf?

Oxidative phosphorilation (oxphos)

Oxidative phosphorylation

takes electron from oxidation of energy source and phosphorylates ADP to create ATP

if electrons are donated to exogenous electron acceptor the energy producing process is

respiration

Is there ETC in fermentation?

No

What is the only way to make energy in fermentation?

Substrate level phosphorylation

True or false: There is oxphos in fermentation

False, no oxphose=no pmf=no ETC which fermentation does not use

Location of respiration for eukaryotes

Inner mitochondrial membrane IMM

Location of respiration for prokaryotes

cell membrane

Most pathways generate ____ or ___

glucose, intermediated (glycolytic)

How many CO2 come from glucose?

6

Parts of aerobic respiration?

1. Glycolysis

2. TCA Cycle

3. ETC

Most common pathway of glycolsis

EMP

3 pathways of glycolisis

EMP
ED

PPP

ED

only found in some bacteria, enzymes are unique to this pathway since glucose is broken down differently, net gain is less than EMP

What is the net gain of the ED pathway?

1 ATP, 1 NADH, 1 NADPH

PPP

used to believe that all microbes use PPP now we know some archea dont, created 2 carbon skeletons, works at same time as EMP OR ED

What is the net gain of PPP

2 carbon skeletons (E4P & R5P), ATP, 2 NADPH