EARTH 121L Midterm: Minerals, Sedimentary and Igneous rocks

Rocks! Wowwww

Name this rock?

Porphyritic or Equigranular?
Volcanic or Plutonic?
Acidic, intermediate or basic?
Texture?
Predominant Minerals?
Phaneritic or Aphanitic?

Granite

Porphyritic or Equigranular? equgranular
Volcanic or Plutonic? Plutonic
Acidic, intermediate or basic? acidic
Texture? phaneritic
Predominant Minerals? Quartz Potassium feldspar, plagioclase, micas, biotase,
Phaneritic or Aphanitic? Phaneritic

Name this rock?

Porphyritic or Equigranular?
Volcanic or Plutonic?
Acidic, intermediate or basic?
Texture?
Predominant Minerals?
Phaneritic or Aphanitic?

Porphyritic Granite

Porphyritic or Equigranular? Porphyritic
Volcanic or Plutonic? Plutonic
Acidic, intermediate or basic? acidic
Texture? Porphyritic
Predominant Minerals? Quartz Potassium feldspar, plagioclase, micas, biotase,
Phaneritic or Aphanitic? Phaneritic

Name this Rock

Porphyritic or Equigranular?
Volcanic or Plutonic?
Acidic, intermediate or basic?
Texture?
Predominant Minerals?
Phaneritic or Aphanitic?

Syenite

Porphyritic or Equigranular? equigranular
Volcanic or Plutonic? plutonic
Acidic, intermediate or basic? intermediate
Texture? Phaneritic
Predominant Minerals? Potassium feldspar, plagiocclase, micas, biotase,
Phaneritic or Aphanitic?

Name this rock

Porphyritic or Equigranular?
Volcanic or Plutonic?
Acidic, intermediate or basic?
Texture?
Predominant Minerals?
Phaneritic or Aphanitic?

Diorite

Porphyritic or Equigranular? Equigranular
Volcanic or Plutonic? Plutonic
Acidic, intermediate or basic? Intermediate
Texture? phaneritic
Predominant Minerals? Plagioclase feldspar, amphibole, pyroxene, biotite
Phaneritic or Aphanitic?

Name this rock

Porphyritic or Equigranular?
Volcanic or Plutonic?
Acidic, intermediate or basic?
Texture?
Predominant Minerals?
Phaneritic or Aphanitic?

Gabbro

Porphyritic or Equigranular? Equigranular
Volcanic or Plutonic? Plutonic
Acidic, intermediate or basic? basic
Texture? Phaneritic
Predominant Minerals? Olivine, pyroxene, plagioclase feldspar
Phaneritic or Aphanitic? phaneritic

Name this rock

Porphyritic or Equigranular?
Volcanic or Plutonic?
Acidic, intermediate or basic?
Texture?
Predominant Minerals?
Phaneritic or Aphanitic?

Rhyolite

Porphyritic or Equigranular? equigranular
Volcanic or Plutonic? Volcanic
Acidic, intermediate or basic? Acidic
Texture? aphanitic
Predominant Minerals? Quartz, pottasium feldspar, biotite, muscovite, plagioclase
Phaneritic or Aphanitic? aphanitic

Name this rock

Porphyritic or Equigranular?
Volcanic or Plutonic?
Acidic, intermediate or basic?
Texture?
Predominant Minerals?
Phaneritic or Aphanitic?

Andesite (Porphyritic)

Porphyritic or Equigranular? Porphyritic
Volcanic or Plutonic? Volcanic
Acidic, intermediate or basic? intermediate
Texture? aphanitic
Predominant Minerals? amphibole, plagioclase, biotite, pyroxene
Phaneritic or Aphanitic?aphanitic

Name this rock

Porphyritic or Equigranular?
Volcanic or Plutonic?
Acidic, intermediate or basic?
Texture?
Predominant Minerals?
Phaneritic or Aphanitic?

Basalt

Porphyritic or Equigranular? Equigranular
Volcanic or Plutonic? Volcanic
Acidic, intermediate or basic? Basic
Texture? Aphanitic
Predominant Minerals? pyroxene, biotite, amphibole, plagioclase feldspar, olivine
Phaneritic or Aphanitic? aphanitic

Name this rock

Porphyritic or Equigranular?
Volcanic or Plutonic?
Acidic, intermediate or basic?
Texture?
Predominant Minerals?
Phaneritic or Aphanitic?

Pumice

Porphyritic or Equigranular? N/A
Volcanic or Plutonic? volcanic
Acidic, intermediate or basic? acidic
Texture? vesicular
Predominant Minerals? quartz, biotite, muscovite, potassium feldspar
Phaneritic or Aphanitic? N/A

Name this rock

Porphyritic or Equigranular?
Volcanic or Plutonic?
Acidic, intermediate or basic?
Texture?
Predominant Minerals?
Phaneritic or Aphanitic?

Obsidian

Porphyritic or Equigranular? N/A
Volcanic or Plutonic? Volcanic
Acidic, intermediate or basic? Acidic
Texture? Glassy
Predominant Minerals? Quartz, mica, potassium feldspar
Phaneritic or Aphanitic? N/A

Name?

Rock Type:
Grain size:
Composition:
Texture:
Matrix?
Depositional Environment:

Conglomerate:

Rock Type: Sedimentary Rock
Grain size: Coarse
Composition: Clasts of any type of rock, (Quartz and Chert common)
Texture: Clastic (Rounded)
Matrix? Yes
Depositional Environment: Beach deposits or river deposits , well rounded grains + wind blown sands

Rock Name?

Rock Type:
Grain size:
Composition:
Texture:
Matrix?
Depositional Environment:

Breccia

Rock Type: Sedimentary Rock
Grain size: Coarse
Composition: Clasts or any rock type
Texture: Clastic (angular)
Matrix? Yes
Depositional Environment: Talus or scree deposits, flluvial fans + fault planes

Rock Name?

Rock Type:
Grain size:
Composition:
Texture:
Matrix?
Depositional Environment:

Sandstone

Rock Type: Sedimentary rocks
Grain size: Medium grained
Composition: Quartz (>75%)
Texture: Clastic
Matrix? No
Depositional Environment: River deposits, beaches, shallow coastal seas, desert dunes

Rock Name?

Rock Type:
Grain size:
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Matrix?
Depositional Environment:

Arkose

Rock Type: Sedimentary Rock
Grain size: Medium
Composition: Mostly Quartz (75%) and Feldspar (>25%)
Texture: Clastic
Matrix? Yes
Depositional Environment: River deposits, Beaches, Desert Dunes, shallow coastal seas

Rock Name?

Rock Type:
Grain size:
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Texture:
Matrix?
Depositional Environment:

Greywacke

Rock Type: Sedimentary Rock
Grain size: Medium
Composition: Quartz, Clay + Rock fragments
Texture: Clastic
Matrix? No
Depositional Environment: River deposits, beaches, desert dunes, shallow coastal seas

Rock Name?

Rock Type:
Grain size:
Composition:
Texture:
Matrix?
Depositional Environment:

Siltstone

Rock Type: Sedimentary Rock
Grain size: Very Fine Grained
Composition: Quartz + Clay
Texture: Clastic
Matrix? no
Depositional Environment: Flood plain deposits, deltas, tidal flats, shallow marine areas

Rock Name?

Rock Type:
Grain size:
Composition:
Texture:
Matrix?
Depositional Environment:

Shale

Rock Type: Sedimentary Rock
Grain size: Fine grained
Composition: quartz + clay
Texture: fine grained
Matrix? No
Depositional Environment: Flood plain deposits, deltas, tidal flats, shallow marine areas

What rock is this?

Rock Type:

Grain size:
Composition:
Texture:
Matrix?
Depositional Environment:

Name: Limestone

Rock Type: Sedimentary

Grain size: very fine
Composition: Calcite
Texture: Chemical
Matrix? No
Depositional Environment: Warm Shallow Sea

Rock Name?

Rock Type:
Grain size:
Composition:
Texture:
Matrix?
Depositional Environment:

Dolostone

Rock Type: Sedimentary Rock
Grain size: Fine to coarse
Composition: dolomite
Texture: crystalline
Matrix? no
Depositional Environment: Carbonates, formed in warm shallow seas

Name?

Rock Type:

Grain size:
Composition:
Texture:
Matrix?
Depositional Environment:

Flint/Chert
Rock Type: Sedimentary

Grain size: Very Fine
Composition: Chalcedony
Texture: Cryptocrstalline
Matrix? No
Depositional Environment: Precipitated out from water/groundwater, especially rock cavities

Rock Name?

Rock Type:
Grain size:
Composition:
Texture:
Matrix?
Depositional Environment:

Jasper

Grain size: Very Fine
Composition: Chalcedony
Texture: Cryptocrstalline
Matrix? No
Depositional Environment: Precipitated out from water/groundwater, especially rock cavities

Rock Name?

Rock Type:
Grain size:
Composition:
Texture:
Matrix?
Depositional Environment:

Gypsum:

Rock Type: Sedimentary Rock
Grain size: Fine to coarse
Composition: Gypsum
Texture: Crystalline
Matrix? no
Depositional Environment: Evaporite mineral inland seas, high evaporation hot climate

Rock Name?

Type:
Grain size:
Composition:
Texture:
Matrix?
Depositional Environment:

Rock Salt

Rock Type: Sedimentary Rock
Grain size: Fine to Coarse
Composition: Halite
Texture: Crystalline
Matrix? no
Depositional Environment: Evaportite, inland seas with high evaporation, dry hot climates

Rock Name?

Rock Type:
Grain size:
Composition:
Texture:
Matrix?
Depositional Environment:

Coal

Rock Type: Sedimentary Rock
Grain size: Fine to Coarse
Composition: Altered plant remains
Texture: bioclastic
Matrix? no
Depositional Environment: swamps, where plant debris not completely decomposed by oxygen

Rock Name?

Cleavage:

Hardness:

S.G

Lustre:

Gypsum

Cleavage: Good in one direction, poor in other 2 directions at 66*

Hardness: 2

S.G 2.3 (low)

Lustre: Non-metallic

Rock Name?

Cleavage:

Hardness:

S.G

Lustre:

Calcite

Cleavage: 3 perfect at 75*, rhobohedral

Hardness: 3

S.G 2.7 (low)

Lustre: Non-metallic

Rock Name?

Cleavage:

Hardness:

S.G

Lustre:

Orthoclase Feldspar

Cleavage: 2 good at 90*

Hardness: 6

S.G 2.6 (low)

Lustre: Non-metallic

Rock Name?

Cleavage:

Hardness:

S.G

Lustre:

Quartz

Cleavage: Conchoidal

Hardness: 7

S.G: 2.6 (low)

Lustre: Non-metallic

Rock Name?

Cleavage:

Hardness:

S.G

Lustre:

Plagioclase Feldspar

Cleavage: 2 good at 94*

Hardness: 6

S.G 2.6-2.7 (low)

Lustre: non-metallic

Rock Name?

Cleavage:

Hardness:

S.G

Lustre:

Orthoclase Feldspar

Cleavage: 2 good at 90*

Hardness: 6

S.G 2.6 (low)

Lustre: Non-metallic

Rock Name?

Cleavage:

Hardness:

S.G

Lustre:

Hornblende

Cleavage: 2 perfect prismatic directions at 56* and 124*

Hardness: 5-6

S.G 3.2 (lowish)

Lustre: non-metallic

Rock Name?

Cleavage:

Hardness:

S.G

Lustre:

Muscovite

Cleavage: 1 plane perfect, 180* elastic sheets

Hardness: 2-3

S.G 2.7 (low)

Lustre: non-metallic

Rock Name?

Cleavage:

Hardness:

S.G

Lustre:

Augite

Cleavage: 2 good at nearly 90*

Hardness: 5-6

S.G: 3.2-3.5 (lowish/medium)

Lustre: non-metallic

Rock Name?

Cleavage:

Hardness:

S.G

Lustre:

Garnet

Cleavage: Uneven fracture

Has dodecahedral crystal faces

Hardness: 7.5

S.G 3.6 - 4.3 (Medium)

Lustre: non-metallic

Rock Name?

Cleavage:

Hardness:

S.G

Lustre:

Chalcedony

Cleavage: conchoidal

Hardness: 7

S.G: 2.6 (low)

Lustre: non-metallic)

Rock Name?

Cleavage:

Hardness:

S.G

Lustre:

Biotite

Cleavage: 1 perfect 180* elastic sheets

Hardness: 2.5-3

S.G: 2.8 - 3.2 (lowish)

Lustre: non-metallic

Rock Name?

Cleavage:

Hardness:

S.G

Lustre:

Dolomite

Cleavage: 3 perfect at 74* rhombohedral

Hardness: 3.5-4

S.G: 2.9 (low)

Lustre: non-metallic

Rock Name?

Cleavage:

Hardness:

S.G

Lustre:

Plagioclase

Cleavage: 2 good at 94*

Hardness: 6

S.G: 2.6-2.7

Lustre: Non-metallic

Rock Name?

Cleavage:

Hardness:

S.G

Lustre:

Kaolinite

Cleavage: earthy fracture

Hardness: 1-2.5

S.G: 2.6

Lustre:

Rock Name?

Cleavage:

Hardness:

S.G

Lustre:

Hematite

Cleavage: uneven

Hardness: 5-6

S.G: 5 (highish)

Lustre: metallic

Rock Name?

Cleavage:

Hardness:

S.G

Lustre:

Pyrite

Cleavage: uneven

Hardness: 6-6.5

S.G: 5.2 (Highish)

Lustre: metallic

Rock Name?

Cleavage:

Hardness:

S.G

Lustre:

Magnetite

Cleavage: uneven

Hardness: 5.5-6.5

S.G: 5 (Highish)

Lustre: Metallic

Rock Name?

Cleavage:

Hardness:

S.G

Lustre:

Graphite

Cleavage: 1 direction

Hardness: 1-2

S.G: 2.2

Lustre: Metallic

Rock name?

Texture

Composition

Folliated/non-folliated?

Grade

Quartzite

Texture: fine to coarse

Composition: Quartz

Folliated/non-folliated? Non

Grade: low to high

Rock name?

Texture

Composition

Folliated/non-folliated?

Grade

Marble

Texture: fine to coarse

Composition: carbonate, calcite/dolomite

Folliated/non-folliated? non

Grade low to high

Rock name?

Texture

Composition

Folliated/non-folliated?

Grade

Slate

Texture: Slaty cleavage,very fine grained, Dull luste

Composition: Mica, quartz, clay

Folliated/non-folliated? Foliated

Grade low

Rock name?

Texture

Composition

Folliated/non-folliated?

Grade

Phyllite

Texture: Slaty cleavage, slikly sheen, fine grained

Composition: Mica quartz

Folliated/non-folliated? folliated

Grade: Low

Rock name?

Texture

Composition

Folliated/non-folliated?

Grade

Schist

Texture: Schistose (parallel alignment of platy minerals), coarse grained

Composition: Mica, quartz

Folliated/non-folliated? folliated

Grade: medium

Rock name?

Texture

Composition

Folliated/non-folliated?

Grade

Gneiss

Texture: Gnessic (alternating layers of light and dark) Coarse

Composition: Feldspar and quartz, mica, amphibole, pyroxene

Folliated/non-folliated? Folliated

Grade high