STAT1401 Chapter 0-B

Process

A repetitive method that produces individuals, such as light bulbs or frozen orange juice concentrate.

Population

The set of all individuals, both actual and hypothetical, produced by a process.

Hypothetical Individuals

Individuals that could have been produced by a process but were not due to external circumstances.

Actual Individuals

Individuals that have been produced by a process.

Analytic Study

A study focused on understanding the entire population or universe, including hypothetical individuals.

Enumerative Study

A study that focuses on the actual individuals produced, without considering hypothetical individuals.

Representative Sample

A subset of individuals that is representative of the population produced by a process.

Researcher Sample

A sub-collection of individuals that are measured or observed in a study.

Destructive Sampling

A sampling method where the measurement destroys the individual being measured, such as testing light bulbs.

Non-Destructive Sampling

A sampling method where the measurement does not destroy the individual being measured, such as taking blood pressure.

Parameter

A characteristic or measure of a population, such as the average lifespan of light bulbs.

Statistic

A function of the data collected from a sample, often used to estimate a parameter.

Sample Mean (x̄)

The average of measurements in a researcher sample, used to estimate the population mean (μ).

Sample Proportion (p̂)

The proportion of a certain characteristic in a researcher sample, used to estimate the population proportion (p).

Quality Control

A process to ensure that products meet certain standards, often involving statistical methods.

Douglas Montgomery

An author known for his work on statistical quality control.

W

A statistician who contributed significantly to quality control and manufacturing processes.

Census

A complete count of individuals in a population, where the researcher sample size equals the population size (N).

Categorical Data

Data that can be divided into categories, such as leak vs. no leak in cans of orange juice.