Flashcards Localization of Function of Cerebral Cortex - Neuroscience

areas for general sensation

areas for general motor function

association areas

the three main general areas of brain function localization

brodmann areas

regions defined by cytoarchitectural differences, not as isolated functional modules

arrangement

brodmann areas meaning different composition, ____, and distribution of cells

frontal lobe

primary function of this lobe includes:

motor behavior

speech production

higher cognitive processing

emotion and personality

4

the precentral gyrus is brodmann area __

precentral gyrus

primary motor cortex that is associated with simple and discrete movement of the distal limb musculature

afferent fibers

these fibers arise from other motor areas of frontal lobe such as premotor area and the thalamus

efferent fibers

these fiber of the frontal lobe are referred to as corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts

corticospinal

brain to spine

corticobulbar

brain to brainstem

4 and 6

efferent fibers arise mainly from which brodmann areas

superior

what aspect of precentral gyrus controls LE function

lateral and inferior

what aspect of the precentral gyrus control UE, mouth, and tongue function

6

the premotor cortex of the frontal lobe is brodmann area __

anterior

the premotor cortex is located ______ to the primary motor cortex

premotor cortex of the frontal lobe

this is associated with initiation and development of motor plans, organization of intended movement, and motor learning

apraxia

lesion of the promotor cortex leads to this

apraxia

bod's loss of ability to perform routine or simple activities. examples include loss of speech and movement of limbs

9, 10, 11, 12

the prefrontal cortex of the frontal lobe is brodmann areas __

primates

the prefrontal cortex is well developed in ______

prefrontal cortex

extensive connection to parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes; gains access to current sensory information and the respiratory data from past experiences

bilateral leukotomy (lobotomy)

this causes personality changes, like bein rude, inconsiderate, reckless

44 and 45

broca's area is brodmann areas ___

broca's areas

this is located inferior to the premotor cortex and is associated with speech production

left

broca's area is active bilaterally, with motor control of speech confined to ____

expressive and non-fluent

damage to the broca's area results in _____ aphasia or _____ aphasia

frontal

what lobe is the broca's area located in

expressive aphasia

difficulty producing a verbal response but they understand what is being told to them

non-fluent aphasia

very aware of the situation and takes a while to get words out so can be very frustrating for them; slowed verbal response

frontal lobe

damage to this lobe causes a decreased ability to choose a correct motor response and fluctuating emotions, due to connection to limbic system

parietal lobe

function of this lobe is somatosensory function and integration of somatosensory and visual information

parietal lobe

this lobe interprets and stores sensory and visual information

occipital lobe

this lobe receives visual information

1, 2, and 3

postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe is brodmanns areas __

postcentral gyrus

posterior to central sulcus, primary somatosensory cortex, and afferent fibers from the DCML, lateral spinothalamic tract

dorsal column medial leminiscus

in the postcentral gyrus that has to do with fine touch, 2-point discrimination, and proprioception

5 and 7

the posterior parietal cortex is brodmann areas ___

posterior parietal cortex

this integrates somatosensory and visual information and is a somesthetic association areas

3, 1, 2

the posterior parietal cortex has afferent fibers from these three brodmann areas

posterior parietal cortex

this parietal lobe area is involved with stereognosis, motor planning, language, and body awareness

RIGHT parietal lobe

damage to this lobe causes agnosia and astereognosis

agnosia

unable to name familiar objects visually or somatosensory channels

astereognosis

unable to name familiar objects when placed in hard and vision is compromised

left frontal lobe

this part of the brain damaged causes speech problems

right parietal lobe

this part of the brain damaged, causes sensory and spatial awareness

right

left handed people have a ___ dominant hemisphere

neglect syndrome

this occurs whenever the right parietal lobe is damaged and there are deficits in sensory and spatial awareness of left extremeties

left

neglect syndrome is when the parietal lobes do not interpret sensory and visual input applied to the ___ side

temporal lobe

primary functions of this love are auditory processing, understanding verbal and written language, high-level memory and cognitive skills, and emotional functions

41 and 42

primary auditory cortex of the temporal lobe is made up of brodmann areas __

sulcus; gyrus

the primary auditory cortex of the temporal lobe is made up of the ventral wall of the lateral ____ and the superior temporal ____

geniculuate

the primary auditory cortex has afferent fibers from the medial ____ body

22

auditory association cortex is located at the floor of the lateral sulcus and the posterior part of brodmanns area ___

auditory agnosia

bilateral damage to the temporal lobe area causes what

auditory agnosia

this is the inability to understand or interpret a familiar sound

22

wernicke's area is brodmanns area ___

left

the wernicke's area of the temporal lobe is caudal to primary auditory cortex (____ hemisphere)

wernicke's area

associated with word recognition and understanidng and damage results in receptive or fluent aphasia

receptive aphasia

unable to understand what's being said

fluent aphasia

speech is unintelligable

temporal lobe

damage to this lobe can cause:

learning difficulty

memory

formation of new memories

emotional regulation

emotional reaction

emotional reaction

this can cause ___ ___ when there is damage of the temporal lobe because it is tightly linked to limbic system, hypothalamus, and amygdala

antrograde

can't form new memories

retrograde

can't remember past memories

occipital lobe

primary functions of this lobe are:

visual processing

color and shape recognition

motion tracking

depth and spatial awareness

17

the occipital lobe visual area is brodmanns area __

striate cortex

the visual area of the occipital lobe surrounds the calcarine sulcus on the medial surface of the occipital lobe aka this

contralateral

the visual area contains afferent fibers from the _____ visual field

right

which lobe interprets the left visual field

18 and 19

visual association cortex of the occipital lobe are brodmann's areas ___

17

afferent fibers of the visual association cortex are from what brodmanns area

visual agnosia

function to relate the image to past visual experiences is a part of the visual association cortex. damage to this results in ___ ___ (which is when someone may call a marker and car)