Anatomy #5

Corpus Callosum

a large bundle of nerve fibers that connects the two hemispheres of the brain, facilitating communication and coordination between the left and right sides

Falx Cerebri

a fold of dura mater that separates the cerebral hemispheres

Falx Cerebelli

a similar structure but located between the cerebellar hemispheres

Tentorium Cerebelli

a shelf-like extension of the dura mater that separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

a clear, colorless fluid that surrounds and cushions the brain and spinal cord. It provides buoyancy and protection for these structures, as well as nutrient exchange and waste removal

Parkinson’s Disease

a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain. The exact cause is not fully understood, but a combination of genetic and environmental factors is believed to contribute.

Dyskinesia

abnormal, involuntary movements

Aphasia

a language disorder that affects a person's ability to communicate

Frontal lobe

Motor control, decision making, and personality

Parietal lobe

Sensory information processing

Temporal lobe

Auditory processing and memory

Occipital lobe

Visual processing

Bell's Palsy

a condition that causes sudden, temporary weakness or paralysis of the muscles on one side of the face

Trigeminal neuralgia

a disorder characterized by intense, stabbing pain along the trigeminal nerve, usually affecting one side of the face

Red blood cells (erythrocytes)

transport oxygen

-the most abundant formed elements

white blood cells (leukocytes)

involved in immune responses

platelets (thrombocytes)

play a crucial role in blood clotting

Granulocytes

Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

-WBC

Agranulocytes

Lymphocytes and monocytes

-WBC

Erythropoiesis

Production of red blood cells

Leukopoiesis

Production of white blood cells

Leukopenia

Abnormally low white blood cell count

Hemopoiesis

The process of blood cell formation

Polycythemia vera

a disorder characterized by an excessive production of red blood cells by the bone marrow

The spleen

the organ specialized in destroying old or damaged red blood cells

Bone marrow transplants

involve replacing damaged or destroyed bone marrow with healthy bone marrow

Cord blood transplants

involves using blood from the umbilical cord for similar purposes

Myocardial infarction

commonly known as a heart attack

occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart muscle is blocked, leading to damage or death of the heart tissue

Pulmonary circuit

carries blood to the lungs for oxygenation

Systemic circuit

delivers oxygenated blood to the rest of the body

Pericardium

Protective sac around the heart

Epicardium

Outer layer of the heart

Myocardium

Muscular middle layer

Endocardium

Inner lining of the heart

Cardiac muscle

arranged in a striated pattern, featuring branching fibers interconnected by intercalated discs, allowing for synchronized contraction

Angina pectoris

chest pain or discomfort caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle