ARC 2701 Islamic Architecture

Three basic mosque types:

1. ___

2. ___

3. ___

Hypostyle, Four-Iwan, Ottoman

___: The wall of the mosque that faces Mecca.

Qibla Wall

___: A wall recess, mostly in the form of arched niche, in

the qibla wall, indicating the position of the prayer-leader

facing the direction toward Mecca.

Mihrab

___: The main space for male worshippers to kneel and

pray.

Prayer Hall

___: A tall slender tower, built next or in a mosque, from

which the Muslims are called to prayer. Mosques may have one

up to six

Minaret

____: A large central courtyard, which is surrounded by an

arcade on all sides. The atrium/cloister is its equivalent in

European medieval architecture.

Sahn

Qibla wall, Mihrab, Prayer Hall, Minaret, Sahn

Complete the diagram of The Liturgical Elements of a Mosque

Qibla Wall, Mihrab, Prayer Hall, Sahn

___: Mosque in which the prayer hall is

formed of rows of vertical supports / columns, that can

multiply indefinitely. Dominant type in the early period.

The Hypostyle Mosque

The Great Mosque of Damascus

Complete label for floor plan of The Great Mosque of Damascus

Prayer hall

The Great Mosque of Samarra

The Great Mosque of Samarra is famed even at the time for its distinctive ___ ___

spiral minaret

___ is the avoidance of images of

sentient beings in some forms of Islamic

art.

Aniconism

Religious Islamic art

has been typically characterized by the

absence of figures and extensive use of

___, ___ ___, and ___(abstract floral patterns).

calligraphic, geometric patterns,

arabesque

Arabesque, Calligraphy, Geometric patterns

___ = a form of artistic decoration consisting of surface decorations based on rhythmic linear patterns of scrolling and interlacing foliage, tendrils, or lines

Arabesque

___ = beautiful writing. Artistic, stylized, or elegant handwriting or lettering.

Calligraphy

___ = A pattern involving the use of precise mathematical shapes which repeat themselves across a surface. In Islamic art, these patterns are usually quite intricate and often based on radial symmetry.

Geometric pattern

Horseshoe Arch / Keyhole

Arch

___:

an arch having an intrados

(the lower or inner curve of an

arch) that widens above the

springing before narrowing.

Horseshoe Arch / Keyhole

Arch

4-center Arch

___:

an arch whose intrados curve is

described from four centers,

usually with tight radii at springer

and larger radii at top, intersecting

in a point.

4-center Arch

Ogee Arch (3C), Ogee Arch (4C)

___:

an arch with two ogee (S-

shaped) curves meeting at

the apex

Ogee Arch

Multifoil Arch / Polylobed Arch

___/___:

an arch having an intrados

composed of more than five foils

(indentations between cusps) or

lobes (a curved or rounded

projection or division)

Multifoil Arch / Polylobed Arch

Great Mosque of Cordoba

In the Great Mosque of Córdoba, the Main Prayer Hall:

___ and___ set atop columns to raise hypostyle ceiling.

Columns are ___(the re-use of earlier building material or decorative sculpture on new monuments).

Piers, double-arches,SPOLIA

This is a floor plan and section of ___

Great Mosque of Córdoba

The ___ is especially known for its intricate geometric

tilework and carved ___ decoration

Alhambra,arabesque

Islamic Architecture ___: Three-dimensional decorative device used widely in Islamic architecture, in which tiers

of individual elements, including niche-like

cells, brackets and pendants, are projected

over those below.

Muqarnas

can be understood as the three-dimensional

realization of the related 2D geometric

patterns of decoration

Muqarnas

The___: Mosque in which up to

four iwans surround a courtyard. The prayer

hall is the largest iwan. It was the most

popular type in the medieval period, and

remained dominant in Iran.

Iwan Mosque

___: A rectangular hall or space,

usually vaulted, walled on three sides,

with one end entirely open.

Iwan

In the four-iwan mosque, each wall of the courtyard is

punctuated with a monumental __, the

iwan.

vaulted hall

Like a hypostyle mosque, the layout for the Iwan mosque is arranged around a large open __.

courtyard

___: Mosque in which the

prayer hall's space is dominated by a central

dome surrounded by smaller and lower semi-

domes. It was introduced by them in

the 15th century.

The Ottoman Mosque

The Ottoman architects were

strongly influenced by ___

Hagia Sophia

Blue is the dominant color in the stained glass

windows ,reflective mosaics, and paint; creates a ethereal blue light in the space.

The Blue Mosque

white marble mausoleum

The Taj Mahal