ME 305L: Workshop Tools, Machines, and Measuring Instruments

Flashcards covering workshop hand tools, cutting tools, metalworking machines, work-holding devices, and precision metrology instruments (vernier calipers and micrometers) from ME 305L Lab 02.

What material are hand files made from, and why are they heat treated?

They are made from high carbon steel and are heat treated so that they are tougher than the steel or other materials they cut.

What is the process known as "through filing"?

The file is held flat against the surface with both hands, pushed forward to cut on the forward stroke, and then lifted away from the workpiece before returning to the start position.

What is the purpose of the safe edge on a hand file when filing internal corners?

The safe edge has no teeth, allowing it to rest against an adjacent corner surface without damaging or cutting the metal.

Which hand file has a curved surface designed specifically for filing internal curves and curved surfaces?

The half round file.

What is the cross-sectional shape and primary use of a three square file?

It is triangular in section and is used for filing tight corners and angles because its sharp edges fit into corners.

When is a knife file preferred over other file shapes?

When filing where there is very little space or inside narrow gaps, because it is exceptionally thin.

What are the common workshop uses of a square file?

Filing slots in metal, fitting into square corners, and filing workpieces where space is limited.

List the five standard grades of cut for hand files in order from least harsh to most abrasive.

Very Smooth, Smooth, Second Cut, Bastard, and Rough.

What are the standard blade lengths supplied for an adjustable hacksaw frame?

$250\,\text{mm}$ and $300\,\text{mm}$.

What four standard tooth counts (TPI) are hacksaw blades manufactured in?

$14$, $18$, $24$, and $32\,\text{TPI}$ (teeth per $25\,\text{mm}$ / inch).

Which hacksaw blade material is chosen for tough, resistant materials versus general cutting?

High Speed Steel (HSS) blades are used for tough, resistant materials, whereas High Carbon Steel blades are used for general cutting.

What is the general rule regarding teeth contact when setting up a hacksaw to cut a workpiece?

At least three teeth should extend across the surface of the material being cut.

Why must sawing with a hacksaw be carried out as close as possible to the jaws of the vice?

To ensure that the metal workpiece does not flex or bend under the force and stroke of the hacksaw.

What is the key difference in application between a dot punch and a centre punch?

A dot punch has a narrower point used to mark reference lines, whereas a centre punch has a broader point used to make a larger indentation that locates a drill bit.

What is a surface plate and what is its primary function in a workshop?

A solid, precision-flat plate used as the main horizontal reference plane for precision inspection, marking out (layout), and tooling setup.

What is the purpose of a height gauge?

It is a measuring device used either for determining the height of an object or for repetitious layout marking of workpieces.

Identify this workshop machine used to join overlapping sheets of metal via electrical resistance.

Spot welding machine.

What is the functional difference between taps and dies?

Taps are used for cutting internal threads, whereas dies are used for cutting external threads.

How are nonferrous metals defined, and what are typical examples?

Metals that do not contain significant amounts of iron, such as aluminum, copper, lead, zinc, tin, nickel, titanium, and precious metals like gold and silver.

What primary functions do drill bits and chisels serve?

Drill bits are used to originate a hole in a workpiece, while chisels are used to cut, sculpt, or shape hard materials like wood, stone, and metal.

Identify this work-holding device mounted to the headstock spindle of a lathe.

A 3-jaw lathe chuck.

Why is an anvil constructed to be as massive as practical?

A higher inertia causes striking energy from the hammer to be transferred more efficiently to the workpiece rather than absorbed by the anvil.

What are the two holes on the face of a standard blacksmith anvil named, and what are the other main features?

The holes are the round pritchel hole and square hardie hole; other features include the face, step, horn, and rounded edge.

Identify the functions of parts 1, 2, 3, and 8 on the standard vernier caliper diagram.

1: Outside jaws (external diameter/width), 2: Inside jaws (internal diameter), 3: Depth probe (depth of hole/object), and 8: Retainer/locking screw (secures movable scale).

Based on this vernier caliper measurement example, calculate the total reading: Main scale = $3.00\,\text{mm}$, Vernier scale = $0.80\,\text{mm}$.

$\text{Total Reading} = 3.00\,\text{mm} + 0.80\,\text{mm} = 3.80\,\text{mm}$.

How does an external micrometer operate to take precision measurements?

It is operated by an accurate, precision lead screw that rotates inside a fixed nut within the barrel/sleeve.

Identify the primary external labeled parts of the micrometer shown.

Anvil, spindle, lock nut (or lock ring/lever), sleeve (barrel/stock), thimble, and frame.

Calculate the total micrometer measurement when: Sleeve reads full $4.00\,\text{mm}$, Sleeve reads half $0.5\,\text{mm}$, and Thimble reads $0.48\,\text{mm}$.

$\text{Total Measurement} = 4.00\,\text{mm} + 0.5\,\text{mm} + 0.48\,\text{mm} = 4.98\,\text{mm}$.

Calculate the total measurement from this micrometer reading: Sleeve reads full $21.00\,\text{mm}$, Sleeve reads half $0.50\,\text{mm}$, and Thimble reads $0.02\,\text{mm}$.

$\text{Total Measurement} = 21.00\,\text{mm} + 0.50\,\text{mm} + 0.02\,\text{mm} = 21.52\,\text{mm}$.