Cardiac Compromise

athlete’s heart

cardiac hypertrophy that will decrease with cessation of activity

men’s basketball

#1 sudden cardiac death sport NCAA

angina pectoris

severe chest pain that can spread to the shoulders, arms, and neck caused by inadequate blood supply to the heart

myocardial infarction

severe failure of the heart to pump blood, permanent damage to the heart muscle, life-threatening heart rhythms

• sudden weakness, nausea, and sweating

• chest pain

• pressure in lower jaw, arms, back, abdomen, or neck

• irregular heartbeat

• suncope

• shortness of breath/dyspnea

• pink, frothy sputum

• sudden death

acute MI male red flags

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

most common cardiac compromise in football and men’s basketball

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

unexplained left ventricular hypertrophy

• asymptomatic

• syncope

• shortness of breath

• chest pain

• dizinness during/after exercise

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy symptoms

coronary artery anomalies

condition where coronary artery grows into muscle

coronary artery anomalies

responsible for ~17% of CVD deaths in athletes

arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy or dysplasia

genetic defects that cause fibrofatty replacement of right ventricle myocardium and result in arrhythmias from the right ventricle, wall thinning, and myocarditis

• exercise induced

• palpations

• dizziness

• fainting

arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy or dysplasia signs/symptoms

myocarditis

rare disease most commonly caused by viral infection

• chest pain

• arrhythmias

• disproportionate dyspnea on exertion

myocarditis signs and symptoms

EKG

diagnostic tool for myocarditis

Marfan syndrome

systemic connective tissue disorder that can be life threatening

• overly tall and thin stature

• hypermobile joints

• pectus excavatum (caved chest)

• arm span exceeding height

marfan syndrome signs and symptoms

• no contact sports

• can participate in class I or II sports if no sudden death hx, mitral valve prolapse, or aortic root dilation

• echocardiogram every 6 months

marfan syndrome treatment and RTP

aortic aneurism or dissection

cardiac compromise where there is a tear or bulging form in the aorta

• sudden severe chest or upper back pain

• jaw, neck, or abdomen pain

• SOB

• dizziness

• fainting

• stroke-like symptoms

aortic aneurism or dissection signs and symptoms

• high BP

• Marfan’s syndrome

• EDS

• smoking

• age

aortic aneurism or dissection risk factors