Ch3: Skeletal System

spooky scary skeletons....

ankyl/o

Crooked, bent, stiff

arthr/o

Joint

burs/o

Bursa

chondr/i, chondr/o

Cartilage

cost/o

Rib

crani/o

Skull

-desis

To bind, tie together

kyph/o

Bent, hump

lord/o

Curve, swayback, bent

Lumb/o

Lumbar, lower back

myel/o

Spinal cord, bone marrow

oss/e, oss/i, ost/o, oste/o

Bone

scoli/o

Curved, bent

spondyl/o

Vertebrae, vertebral column, backbone

synovi/o, synov/o

Synovial membrane, synovial fluid

-lysis

Setting free, loosening

Acetabulum

Hip socket, large circular cavity in each side of pelvis that articulates with head of femur to form hip joint

Allogenic

Originating within another

Ankylosing Spondylitis

Type of chronic, inflammatory arthritis that affects spine and joints where spine meets pelvis; causes bones in spine to fuse

Arthrodesis

Surgical fusion of 2 bones to stiffen a joint or treat a damaged joint

Arthroscopy

Visual examination of the internal structure of a joint

Autologous

Originating within the individual (the patient)

Avascular Necrosis

Area of bone tissue death caused by little blood flow, usually to the hip

Bone Marrow Transplant

Stem cell transplant used to treat cancer

Callus

Bulging deposit that forms around a bone break as it heals, eventually becoming bone itself

Chondromalacia

Condition where cartilage becomes abnormally soft and no longer protects the bone

Comminuted Fracture

Fracture where bone is splintered into many pieces

Compression Fracture

Fracture where bone collapses or is pressed together, often in vertebrae due to osteoporosis

Costochondritis

Inflammation of cartilage connecting rib to sternum

Crepitation

Crepitus; grating sound heard when ends of a broken bone move together

Dual X-ray Absorptiometry

Low exposure radiation of spine and hip to measure bone density

Fat Embolus

Piece of fat from yellow bone marrow after long bone fracture that travels through bloodstream

Gout

Gouty arthritis; type of inflammatory arthritis characterized by deposits of urate crystals in joints

Hallux Valgus

Bunion; abnormal enlargement of joint at base of great toe

Hemarthrosis

Bleeding into a joint space, caused by injury, surgery, or bleeding disorder

Hematopoietic

Pertaining to the formation and production of blood cells

Internal Fixation

Fracture treatment where plate or pins are placed directly into bone to hold broken pieces in place

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Type of arthritis that causes persistent joint inflammation and stiffness in kids 16 and younger

Kyphosis

Spinal curvature or abnormal increase in outward curvature of thoracic spine

Laminectomy

Decompressive surgery; surgical removal of lamina or posterior portion of vertebra

Lordosis

Swayback; exaggerated inward curvature of lumbar (lower) spine

Lumbago

Low back pain; pain in lumbar region of spine

Malleolus

Rounded bony bulge on each side of ankle (inner and outer ankle bumps)

Manubrium

Upper triangular portion of sternum (breastbone)

Metacarpals

5 bones of hand that form the palm between wrist and fingers

Metatarsals

5 bones of foot between ankle and toes

Multiple Myeloma

Type of cancer occurring in blood-making plasma cells found in red bone marrow

Open Fracture

Compound fracture; bone is broken and there is an open wound on the skin

Orthopedic Surgeon

Physician specializing in treating diseases involving bones, joints, and muscles

Orthotic

External device (brace, splint) used to support, align, or improve function of a body part

Osteitis

Inflammation of bone

Osteoarthritis

Wear and tear arthritis related to aging

Osteochondroma

Benign bony projection covered with cartilage

Osteomalacia

Abnormal softening of bones in adults

Osteomyelitis

Inflammation of bone and bone marrow caused by bacterial infection

Osteopenia

Thinner than normal bone mass/density that starts osteoporosis

Osteoporosis

Condition where bones become weak, increasing the risk of fractures

Osteoporotic Hip Fracture

Break in upper femur caused by bones weakened by osteoporosis

Paget's Disease

Osteitis deformans; chronic bone disorder involving abnormal and quick bone breakdown and regrowth

Pathologic Fracture

Occurs when bone breaks under normal strain due to being weakened by osteoporosis or disease

Percutaneous Vertebroplasty

Performed to treat osteoporosis-related compression fractures

Podiatrist

Specialist focused on treating disorders of foot, ankle, and lower leg

Polymyalgia Rheumatica

Inflammatory disorder of muscles and joints

Prosthesis

Substitute for a missing body part

Radiculopathy

Pinched nerve; condition caused by compression of nerve in spine

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Disease that causes immune system to attack lining of joints, making them swollen and sore

Rickets

Softening and weakening of bones in kids caused by vitamin D deficiency

Scoliosis

Abnormal sideways curvature of spine

Spina Bifida

Congenital birth defect where spinal column fails to close completely around spinal cord

Spinal Stenosis

Narrowing of spaces in spine, putting pressure on nerves and spinal cord

Spiral Fracture

Complete fracture where bone is twisted apart

Spondylolisthesis

Slipping or displacement of a vertebra forward over the vertebra below it

Spondylosis

Spinal osteoarthritis; degenerative disorder causing loss of normal spinal structure and function

Subluxation

Partial dislocation of a bone from its joint

Synovectomy

Surgical removal of a synovial membrane to reduce inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis

Vertebrae

33 individual interlocking bones that make up the spinal column

Distal Epiphysis

End of bone located farthest from midline of body

Endosteum

Tissue that lines the medullary cavity

Proximal Diaphysis

Upper part of a long bone's main shaft

Epiphysis

Rounded end of a long bone

Carpal

Relating to the wrist

Closed Reduction

Nonsurgical realignment of bone involved in fracture or joint dislocation

External Fixation

Fracture treatment procedure where pins are placed through soft tissue and bones for an external appliance

Dislocation

Total displacement of a bone from its joint

Immobilization

Act of holding or fixing bone in a fixed position with a cast

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Imaging technique used to view soft tissue structures

Ultrasonic Bone Density Testing

Screening test for osteoporosis causing loss of bone mass

Colles Fracture

Occurs at lower end of radius when person tries to stop a fall and breaks weakened bone

Clubfoot

Congenital deformity of the foot involving the talus (ankle bones)

Ossification

Process where newborn's skeleton turns from fragile membrane/cartilage to bone

Craniotomy

Surgical incision or opening into the skull

Patella

Bony anterior portion of the knee (kneecap)

Olecranon

Point of the elbow

Clavicle

Collar bone

Mandible

Lower jawbone

Zygomatic Bones

Cheekbones

Process

Normal bulge on surface of bone that serves as attachment point for muscles and tendons

Foramen

Opening in a bone where blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass

Trochanter

Large, rough projection on femur where muscles attach

Symphysis

Place where 2 bones are closely joined