AP Psych unit 1 vocab

Dispositional

Judging an outcome based on a persons personal traits

Situational

Judging an outcome based on a persons surroundings

Optimistic

Having a positive outlook towards life/situations — believe that bad events are temporary and good events are permanent + good events will better the person in every form

Pessimistic

Having a negative outlook towards situations/life — believe that bad events are permanent and good ones are temporary — let failures define them entirely + good events are caused by specific things

Fundamental Attribution Error

Underestimating situational factors, but overestimating dispositional factors

Actor-observer bias

Judging yourself through situations but when someone else is in the same position as you, you judge them by their personality

Self-serving bias

Taking personal pride in our achievements, but blaming failures on others

Locus of control

Mere exposure effect

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Social comparison

Stereotype

Negative THOUGHT towards someone because of their background/identity

Prejudice

Negative FEELING towards someone because of their background/identity

Discrimination

Negative ACTION towards someone because of their background/identity

Implicit attitudes

Negative evaluation of others — unconscious/uncontrollable

Just-world phenomenon

You get what you deserve in life

Outgroup homogeneity bias (other race effect)

In-group bias

Ethnocentrism

Belief perseverance

Confirmation bias

Cognitive dissonance

False consensus effect

Overestimating how many people agree with you on something

Persuasion

Central route: using statistics/facts to convince someone — leaves a LASTING persuasion

Peripheral route: indirectly persuading someone; uses feelings or endorsements — not long lasting

Elaboration likelihood model

Features of sources that influence persuasion

Halo effect (peripheral)

Judging someone positively over one “known trait” about them

Foot in the door

Door in the face

Social roles

Name of the part you’re playing (ex. In school, my role is the student)

Norms

An expectation for a social role (ex. As a student, my norm is to learn)

Scripts

The specific behaviors done to fulfill the norm

Social influence

Conformity (what increases it)

Watching someone do something and changing your behavior to fit in

Obedience (what makes someone comply to an authority figure)

Collectivism (group cohesion)

individualism and Multiculturalism (supporting diversity)

Groupthink

Group polarization

Diffusion of responsibility

Social loafing

Bystander effect

Deinviduation

Performance

Social traps

Superordinate goals

Altruism

Social responsibility norm

Social reciprocity norm

Informed consent

Anonymity/confidentiality

Long-term harm

Animal ethics