media and public opinion

Questions: do the US constitution and texas constitution protect the freedom of speech?

• “Congress shall make no law … abridging the
  freedom of speech, or of the press …”
  (U.S. Constitution, First Amendment)

• “Every person shall be at liberty to speak, write or publish his opinions on any subject … and no law shall ever be passed curtailing the liberty of speech or of the press.” (Texas Constitution, Article I, Section 8)

Q: how does media play a crucial role in democracy

• INFORM the public about current events and political issues at the local state national and international levels

• Provide a FORUM for public debate by presenting different ideas perspectives and arguments

• Serve as a WATCH DOG by monitoring government officials and holding those in power accountable

____ the public about current events and political issues at the local state national and international levels

inform

Provide a _____ for public debate by presenting different ideas perspectives and arguments

forum

• Serve as a ________ _____by monitoring government officials and holding those in power accountable

watch dog

Q:  how can media shape public opinion?

• What to think about it 

  • Media can bring public attention to a particular issue

    • Agenda setting

• How to think about it 

  • Media can emphasize particular aspects, perspective, or values when presenting an issues 

    • Framing 

• How to judge it

  • Media can make some issues more accessible and salient, and those issues became the standard people use to judge leaders and policies 

    • Priming 

• Example: Media repedeatly emphasize inflation —> inflation becomes more salient in peoples minds ( agenda setting”inflation is an important issue”) —> when evaluabting the president people place more weight on economic conditions  priming: “i should use inflation when evaluating the president”

How does media shape, what to think about public opinion

• Media can bring public attention to a particular issue

  • Agenda setting

What is agenda setting?

• Media can bring public attention to a particular issue

 how can media shape public opinion: How to think about it 

• Media can emphasize particular aspects, perspective, or values when presenting an issues 

  • Framing 

what is framing

Media can emphasize particular aspects, perspective, or values when presenting an issues 

how can media shape public opinion: How to judge it

• Media can make some issues more accessible and salient, and those issues became the standard people use to judge leaders and policies 

  • Priming 

What is priming

Media can make some issues more accessible and salient, and those issues became the standard people use to judge leaders and policies

example of how media can shape public opinion priming and agenda setting

 Media repedeatly emphasize inflation —> inflation becomes more salient(noticeable or important), in people's minds (agenda setting”inflation is an important issue”) —> when evaluating the president people place more weight on economic conditions  “i should use inflation when evaluating the president(priming)”

How can social media shape public opinion: algorithmic personalization and confirmation bias

• An important difference between social media platforms and traditional media is in the way content is generated and delivered

• Algorithmic personalization

  • The process where digital systems use data, such as search history, watch time, clicks, and behaviorm, to adapt and tailor content, recocomentations, or ads to individual users

  • →  confirmation bias: 

    • People tend to interpet, remember or accept info in ways that reinforce what they already believe 

An important difference between social media platforms and traditional media is in the way content is

generated and delivered

What is

The process where digital systems use data, such as search history, watch time, clicks, and behaviorm, to adapt and tailor content, recocomentations, or ads to individual users

Algorithmic personalization

What is it called when

People tend to interpet, remember or accept info in ways that reinforce what they already believe

confirmation bias

How  can social media shape public opinion? Internet

• Internet enables citizens to broadcast their opinions quickly and widely 

• Some people misuse digital tools by spreading misinformation and disinformation

• Misinfomation

  • Incorrect or misleading information

• Disinformation

  • Information designed to deceive the public 

What is Incorrect or misleading information

misinformation

What is Information designed to deceive the public 

disinformation

police priming examp,e

How can social media shape public opinion? filter bubble and echo chamber

• Filter bubble

  • A state of intellectual isolation caused by personalized algorithms and selective exposure to information and viewpoints that align with ones existing preferences 

    • Passive 

    • Close to algorithmic personalizaiton

• Vs. 

• Echo chambers

  • A physical or digital environment where individuals beliefs are reinfoced by expoisre to information that aligns with their preexisting opinioons

    • Active: you actively go to a site where you can read similar opinions with yours

What is

A state of intellectual isolation caused by personalized algorithms and selective exposure to information and viewpoints that align with ones existing preferences 

• Passive 

• Close to algorithmic personalizaiton

• 
  

filter bubble

What is

• A physical or digital environment where individuals beliefs are reinfoced by expoisre to information that aligns with their preexisting opinioons

  • Active: you actively go to a site where you can read similar opinions with yours

Echo chambers