med term bone disorders

osteoporosis

a condition where bone tissue degrades and mineral density drops, leaving bones brittle and prone to fractures from minimal impact

osteopenia

early-stage loss of bone density that is less severe than osteoporosis but elevates fracture risk

Paget’s Disease of Bone

chronic condition where normal bone remodeling is disrupted, causing new bone to form too quickly and structurally weak, leading to deformities and bone pain

Rickets & Osteomalacia

softening and weakening of bones caused by severe Vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate deficiency

Osteoarthritis (OA)

degenerative joint disease caused by the gradual breakdown of protective articular cartilage, leading to bone-on-bone, pain, and stiffness

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

an autoimmune disorder where immune system attacks synovium (joint lining), causing systemic inflammation, pain, and joint deformity

Gout

Metabolic arthritis caused by high blood levels of uric acid, which form sharp urate crystals in joint spaces, causing sudden intense pain (frequently targeting the big toe)

Ankylosing spondylitis

Inflammatory arthritis that causes vertebrae in the spine to fuse overtime, reducing spinal flexibility and altering posture

Bursitis

Inflammation of the fluid-filled sacs (bursae) that cushion bones, tendons, and muscles near joints

Osteogenesis imperfecta (“brittle bone disease”)

A genetic connective tissue disorder caused by defective collagen production, resulting in fragile bones that break easily

Achondroplasia

A genetic bone growth disorder causing dwarfism, characterized by shorter limbs and normal trunk length

Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP)

A rare genetic disorder where muscle and connective tissue are gradually replaced by bone (heterotropic ossification), locking joints in place

Scoliosis/kyphosis/lordosis

Structural spinal curvature deformities affecting alignment (sideways curve in scoliosis, exaggerated upper back in kyphosis, inward lower back arch in lordosis)

Osteomyelitis

A severe bacterial or fungal infection inside the bone or bone marrow, leading to localized tissue destruction

Avascular necrosis (osteonecrosis)

Bone death caused by temporary or permanent loss of blood supply to the tissue, often leading to joint collapse (commonly at the hip)

Osteosarcoma

A primary malignant bone cancer that originates in the bone-forming cells, most often occurring near the ends of long bones

Osgood-Schlatter disease

Inflammation of the patellar ligament at the tibial tuberosity (apophysitis) usually affecting adolescents during growth spurts