Animal sci 200 exam 2

Why can it be hard sometimes to recognize a sick bird?

They tend to mask their symptoms

What are signs of health problems in birds?

Change in droppings, weight loss, fluffed feathers, respiratory problems, and behavioral changes.

What can be behavioral changes in birds?

Sleeping more than normal, and less vocalization

What are ways to prevent bird sickness?

Proper husbandry, Vaccinations, and practicing good biosecurity

What are examples of proper husbandry in birds?

Space exercise, Clean water, Psychological stimulation and good nutrition

What is biosecurity?

Procedures intended to protect humans or animals against disease or harmful biological agents

How are diseases spread to birds?

Poor biosecurity

Who are most common carriers of diseases birds get?

People

Where can birds get diseases?

From flies, mosquitoes, rodents, other birds, feed, water, air, etc.

What is good biosecurity when it comes to birds?

Limiting bird contact with unknown birds, Washing hands before and after handling, quarantining new animals.

How are viral diseases in birds handled?

By decreasing stress and possibly giving antibiotics for secondary infections

What is pox in birds?

A viral disease that is spread to birds usually through mosquitoes.

What are the forms of pox and which isn’t usually fatal?

There are wet and dry forms, the dry forms usually aren’t fatal.

What birds are usually vaccinated for pox?

Poultry

What are 2 viral diseases caused by herpes (for birds)?

Marek’s disease, and pacheco’s disease

What birds does Marek’s disease affect?

Chickens

How is Marek’s disease prevented?

Day-old chicks are vaccinated

What birds does Pacheco’s disease impact?

Psittancines

Does Pacheco’s disease always have symptoms?

No, birds can die without symptoms

Are some birds asymptomatic carriers of pacheco’s disease?

Yes

What could be symptoms of pacheco’s disease?

Lethargy, anorexia, ruffled feathers and diarrhea

What is Psittacine Beak and feather disease (PBFD)?

A viral diseases caused by circovirus

What is PBFD also called?

Cockatoo Syndrome

What bird was PBFD first seen in?

Cockatoos

What parts of birds can PBFD effect?

Feathers, Beaks and Nails

What impact does PBFD have on feathers?

Loss of feather powder, abnormal feathers, white feathers become dirty and grey

What impact does PBFD have on beaks and nails?

Loss in pigmentation, Beak growth, Necrosis at base of beak

What behavior can PBFD cause?

Neurotic behavior

PBFD can cause immune suppression (True or False)

True

What can cause feather loss?

Health issues, Nutritional imbalances, Normal molt and Psychological problems

What are Psychological problems that can cause feather loss?

Boredom, and sexual tension

What is avian influenza?

A respiratory viral disease

Is Avian Influenza easy to vaccinate?

No because it mutates often

Sudden death can be caused by avian influenza (True or False)

True

What is a common bacterial disease in birds that can affect immuno-compromised humans?

Tuberculosis

What type of disease is Mycoplasmosis?

A bacterial disease

What birds is Mycoplasmosis common in?

Galliforms and Passerines

What are signs of mycoplasmosis?

Respiratory or swollen joints

What type of disease is Salmonellosis?

A bacterial disease.

What can salmonellosis do to young birds?

Kill them

What problems can salmonellosis cause in older birds?

Respiratory and intestinal problems

What type of disease is psittacosis?

A bacterial disease

What other sicknesses can psittacosis lead to?

Parrot fever, ornithosis, chlamydiosis

When does psittacosis become a problem?

When a bird is stressed.

What do birds with Psittacosis usually die from?

Malnutrition or dehydration

Can psittacosis be transferred to humans?

Yes

What problems can psittacosis cause in humans?

Flu like symptoms, possibly severe headaches and life-threatening pneumonia

How many people die a year from psittacosis?

1

Is psittacosis treatable?

yes

What is Coccidiosis?

A protozoal disease that damages intestines and cause diarrhea

What birds is Coccidiosis most common and least common in?

(most) Galliforms and (least) Psittacines

What birds is Giardiasis most common in?

Budgerigars

What bird does histomoniasis mostly affect?

Turkeys

Is there any legal treatment for Histomoniasis?

No

Where can birds get histomoniasis from?

Earthworms and cecal worms

What bird is trichomoniasis often found in?

Pigeons

What does Trichomoniasis look like?

Creamy or cheesy white deposits in the mouth

What type of disease is Candidiasis?

A fungal disease

What does Candidiasis cause?

Yeast infections, crop necrosis, and sour crop

What can cause Candidiasis in adult birds?

Antibiotic treatment

What type of disease is Aspergillosis?

A fungal disease

How is Aspergillosis transmitted?

They come from dry spores

What does Aspergillosis cause in birds?

Respiratory infections

Can Aspergillosis also affect humans?

Yes

What are the main causes of parasitic diseases in birds?

Lice and mites

What do lice and mites do to birds?

Suck their blood and sometimes eat feathers.

What birds are lice and mites most common in?

Galliforms and wild caught birds

Are lice and mites treatable in birds?

Yes

What birds are air sac mites common in?

Canaries, and finches

What worms are most common in birds?

Roundworms

Where are gapeworms found in galliforms?

Their trachea

What type of disease is Hypocalcemia in birds?

A nutritional disease

What birds is Hypocalcemia most common in?

laying birds

What can Hypocalcemia cause?

Egg binding, as well as beak, and bone deformities

What can cause Hypocalcemia?

Low calcium

What are the two main nutritional diseases in birds?

Hypocalcemia, and obesity

Why did miners take canary into mines with them?

Canaries were used as an early warning system for toxic gases

What are toxic agents for birds especially canaries?

Carbon monoxide, overheated Teflon, Lead, Zinc and salt

How do birds oftentimes get exposed to toxic agents?

By ingesting shiny or interesting objects that could contain things like lead.

Should a birds nails and beak be trimmed?

Yes

Why do birds sometimes have one clipped wing?

To keep house birds from escaping

What are some concerns with clipping a birds wings?

They could get injured, and have a lack of exercises

Do all birds eat the same thing?

No, they can eat seeds, fruit, nectar or meat

What do lorikeets mostly eat?

Nectar

What is the order of a birds digestive system?

Mouth, Esophagus, Crop, Proventriculus, Gizzard, Duodenal loop, Liver, Gallbladder small intestine, Ceca, Large intestine and Cloaca

Why do birds have rocks in their gizzard?

To grind feed because birds don’t have teeth

What do oyster shells give birds?

Calcium

Why are birds given grit?

To help them grind down feed in their gizzard

How is Gizzard tissue protected from the hard things inside them?

The tissue has a thick lining

What is used to feed birds?

Human foods, Commercial pellets, Crumbles, etc

What are the advantages of feeding birds human foods?

It can offer variety, and special feed won’t need to be bought

What are some good human food grains that birds can be feed?

Pasta, bread, cereal and brown rice

Are some fruits and vegetables toxic to birds?

Yes

What types of birds eat the most fruits and vegetables?

Psittacines

What human proteins can birds eat?

Eggs, meat, beans, peanuts, and peas

Do birds have much Lactase?

No

Can birds digestive dairy?

Yes, in moderation

What are some dairy products that some birds eat?

Yogurt, Ice cream and Cheese

What are some disadvantages of giving birds human food?

They could have favorites, food could be wasted, preparation time and could spoil faster

What are the advantages of feeding birds pellets?

Less favorite foods, less spoilage and is easy to feed