Angiosperms

calyx

sepals

corolla

petals

androecium

stamens

gynoecium

pistill

perianth

calyx + corolla

receptacle

stem point where whorls are attached

complete

has all four whorls (calyx, corolla, stamens, pistill) present

incomplete

missing one or more whorls

perfect/bisexual

has both male (stamen) and female (pistil) parts

imperfect/unisexual

missing either male or female part

staminate

has only functional stamens

pistillate

has only functional carpels/pistils

dioecious

staminate and pistillate flowers occurring on separate plants

monoecious

staminate and pistillate flowers on same plant

synoecious

all perfect flowers on one plant

actinomorphic

radially symmetric

zygomorphic

bilaterally symmetric

tepals

sepals that look like petals

monadelphous

stamen fused together in ring

epipetalous

stamen fused to corolla

carpels

protective tissues around ovules; probably evolved from leaves

monocarpous

single carpel; simple pistil

apocarpous

two or more separate carpels; multiple simple pistils

syncarpous

two or more fused carpels; compound pistil

inferior

petals attached to top of ovary

superior

petals attached below ovary

inflorescence

group of flowers

peduncle

inflorescense stalk

pedicel

individual flower stalk

rachis

inflorescence central axis

bracts

modified leaves at base of inflorescence

raceme

elongated axis with pedicelled flowers, oldest at bottom

panicle

a compound raceme

corymb

similar to a panicle, but with the lower flowers having longer stems, thus giving a flattish top

umbel

multiple flowers on pedicels that appear to arise from a common point

spike

like a raceme, but the flowers develop directly from the stem and are not borne on pedicels

head

dense inflorescence of sessile or subsessile flowers crowded on receptacle

verticil

whorl (three or more flowers attached to same node)

catkin

a flexible pendulous spike or spike-like raceme of small inconspicuous flowers

axial placentation

seeds in center with multiple chambers

parietal placentation

one chamber with multiple seeds

free central placentation

one chamber with seeds aligned in center column

berry

fleshy, soft, two or more seeds

drupe

fleshy, one stony seed pit

achene

one seed which is free of the fruit wall

samara

an one-seeded fruit with a wing for dispersal

nut

one seeded due to abortion of ovules, usually with hard shell

capsule

dry at maturity, usually from a compound pistil, usually many-seeded, shows various means of dehiscence

follicle

from one simple pistil, dehisces along one structure

legume

from a simple pistil, dehisces along two sutures

aggregate

fruit derived from a flower with more than one pistil; the ovary of each matures into a simple fruit

multiple

derived from ovaries of several flowers in an inflorescence