21B

Whig View - 'Contract Theory'

Whigs believed in John Locke's idea that a King ruled according to a social contract, allowing for the right to depose a monarch who violated the conditions of the contract.

Tory View - Divine Right

Tories believed in the Divine Right of Kings and lawful succession by primogeniture, leading to a dilemma in accepting William and Mary after the flight of James II.

The Declaration of Rights

Also known as The Bill of Rights, it prohibited Catholics from inheriting the English throne and outlined limitations on the monarch's powers, such as raising taxes without parliamentary consent.

The Financial Settlement

Established the Crown's revenue, parliamentary control over extraordinary revenue, and the creation of the Bank of England to manage Crown debt, securing financial control over the monarchy.

The Toleration Act

Allowed freedom of worship for those who took the Oath of Allegiance, denounced transubstantiation, and exempted Protestant dissenters from some penal laws in England.

The Revolution Settlement in Scotland

Resulted in the abolition of episcopacy, restoration of Presbyterian ministers, and the power of the Kirk to appoint its own ministers, leading to a purge of clergymen.

The Revolution in Ireland

James II's attempt to use Ireland as a base for reclaiming England and Scotland, leading to the Irish Parliament declaring independence and passing Acts of Attainder to restore Catholic lands.

Siege of Londonderry

James moved into Protestant Ulster and besieged the town of Londonderry in 1689.

Battle of the Boyne

William arrived in Ireland in June 1690 and defeated James at the Battle of the Boyne.

Treaty of Limerick

The Treaty of Limerick in October 1691 ended armed conflict in Ireland, allowing Catholic soldiers free passage to France or to join William's army.

Penal Codes

After the Glorious Revolution, penal codes were reintroduced against Catholics in Ireland, barring them from public office and professions.

Irish Catholics after the Revolution

Irish Catholics were established as lower-class citizens, subservient to a Protestant Anglo-Irish ascendancy after the Glorious Revolution.