Unit 8.1

Political Ideologies in 20th Century Europe

The two major political ideologies were democracy and communism.

Totalitarian regimes

Governments that centralized power and suppressed opposition, notably in Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union.

Treaty of Versailles

The peace treaty that ended World War I, imposing harsh penalties on Germany.

Impact of the Great Depression in Europe

Severe economic downturn led to high unemployment, poverty, and the rise of extremist political parties.

Nationalism in Europe

A rise in national pride and identity that often led to ethnic tensions and conflicts.

Redrawing of borders post-World War I

The Treaty of Versailles created new nation-states, which contributed to ethnic conflicts.

Fascism

A political ideology characterized by authoritarianism, nationalism, and often, dictatorial power.

Anti-Semitism

Prejudice against, hatred of, or discrimination against Jews, which increased during this period.

Rise of Extremism in the 1930s

Economic hardships led to the growth of radical political groups and ideologies across Europe.

Competition for resources

Nations competing for economic resources and markets, contributing to global conflicts.