OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY FRAMES OF REFERENCES AND MODELS

What is the central assumption of behavioral theories?

Learning is the basis of all behavior.

What are the two types of behaviors determined by learning?

Adaptive behavior and maladaptive behavior.

How does learning theory differentiate itself from other approaches?

It emphasizes external environmental influences and situational specificity of human behavior.

What does situational specificity imply about human behavior?

A person's behavior is usually not consistent across different situations.

What is classical conditioning?

A learning approach focusing on how people associate new responses with circumstances that previously did not elicit a reaction.

What is operant conditioning?

A learning approach that affects voluntary behaviors and relies on environmental consequences.

How are maladaptive behaviors learned according to the behavioral frame of reference?

Through selective reinforcement from the environment.

What are the three types of environmental reinforcement?

Consumable, social, and participatory.

What is backward chaining?

A shaping variation where components of a task are learned by starting from the final step and working backward.

What is a token economy system?

A system where individuals earn tokens that can be traded for desirable items after producing specific behavioral responses.

How is function defined in the context of function-dysfunction continua?

A state of function exists when a person has the necessary skills for maximal independence in their environment.

What is a key factor indicating the degree of function and dysfunction?

The frequency of specific, observable behaviors that compromise functional abilities.

What are the steps involved in the postulates regarding change and intervention?

Identify terminal behavior, determine baseline performance, design data collection format, select reinforcers, determine reinforcement schedule, and chart data.