Obligatory intracellular bacteria

What obligatory intracellular bacteria is vector born, lies in the blood and causes acute systemic disease

Rickettsia

What obligatory intracellular bacteria is contagious, lies in the mucosa and causes a chronic localized disease

Chlamydia

Which bacteria are not actually obligate intracellular but due to due to historical reasons and biomedical similarity are included?

• coxiella

• bartonella

What obligatory intracellular bacteria are trematode borne

Neorickettsia

What neorickettsia bacteria infects:

1. horses

2. dogs

1. N. risticii

2. N. helminthoeca

N. risticii causes _________ in horses

Potomac horse fever

What are teh virulence factors for N.risticii

• obligatory intracellular

• type 4 secretion system

• inflamatory cytokine generation

What virulence factors does N.risticii not have

• exotoxin

• LPS

• peptidoglycan

The inflammatory cytokine generation of N.risticii prevents ________ absorption causing watery diarrhea

electrolyte

Laboratory of N.risticii requires what?

• Immuno fluorescent assay

• PCR

The very first sign of N.risticii infection is __________

fever

The trematode that hosts N.risticii has how many hosts?

3

Typically the first host of the N.risticii trematode is a ____________

snail

Horses commonly get N.risticii after ingesting ____________ infested with an _______________ infected with N. riticii

• aquatic insects

• metacercaria

The best way to prevent N. risticii infection is to do what?

reduce the chances of ingesting aquatic insects

N. helminthoeca causes ______________ in dogs

salmon poisoning disease

What obligate intracellular bacteria are transmitted via ticks

• anaplasma

• ehrlichia

• Rickettsia

E. Canis causes ____________ in dogs

canine monocytic ehrlichiosis

Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis causes acute __________ and chronic ____________

• fever

• bleeding

Overall a dog infected with E. canis will present with what clinical signs

• Hemhorraghes

• thrombocytopenia

• leukopenia

What are the virulence factors of E.canis

• obligate intracellular

• type 4 secretion system

Both N. ritscii and E. canis preferentially infect what cell types

• monocytes

• macrophages

Laboratory diagnosis of E. canis requires what?

serology

E. Canis is transmitted by what tick types

• brown dog tick

• american dog tick

What form of ehrlicia infects both humans and dogs

Chaffeensis

What form of anaplasma infects humans, horse, dogs, and ruminants

Phagocytophila

What tick transmitted disease are considered zoonotic

• E. chaffeensis

• A. phagocytophilum

What clinical signs would you see in a human infected with E. chaffeensis or A. phagocytophilum

• acute fever

• leukopenia

• thrombocytopenia

• liver enzyme abnormality

What are the virulence factors of A. phagocytophilum or E. chaffeensis

• obligatory intracellular

• infects hematopoietic cells

What is the reservoir for A. phagocytophilum and E. chaffeensis

wild animals

A. phagocytophilum and E. chaffeensis cause what respectively

• Human granulocytic anaplasma

• Human monocytic erlichia

Transmission of A. phagocytophilum and E. chaffeensis is done through ________

Ticks

Rickettsia rickettsi causes __________ and infects what animals?

• Rocky mountain spotted fever

• Humans

• dogs

The main clinical signs you will see in a dog with rocky mountain fever is what?

• hyperemia

• petechia

In humans the main clinical signs you will see of rocky mountain spotted fever will be what?

a rash that starts from the limbs and moves inwards

What are the virulence factors of Rickettsia rickettsii

• obligate intracellular

• type 4 secretion system

The main cell type that Rickettsia rickettsii infects are ___________

endothelial cells

Coxiella burnetii causes __________

Q-fever

Coxiella is transmitted in what 2 ways?

• ticks

• airborne

Coxiella is __________ mainly infects what tisues?

• zoonotic

• placenta, heart , lungs

Bartonella henselae causes _________

cat scratch disease

Bartonella like Rickettsia infects the __________ cells

endothelial

Bartonella is mainly transmitted through _________ and is a risk to _____________

• cat scratch

• immune compromised individuals

Generally laboratory diagnosis of obligatory intracellular bacteria is done in what ways?

• serology- IFA

• PCR

• cytology

Chlamydia mainly infect ________________________

epithelial cells of mucuous membranes

A common feature of chlamydial infections is ____________

latency

C. psittaci causes ______ which is a _________ disease that mainly occurs in ___________

• psittacosis

• zoonotic

• birds

What type of chlamydia causes feline pneumonitis

C. felis

What type of chlamydia causes enzootic abortion of ewes

C. abortus

Chlamydia infection of cows can cause what?

sporadic bovine encephalomyelitis/buss disease

what type of chlamydia causes polyarthritis of lambs, calves, and swines

C. suis

Chlamydia of the bovine intestine can cause what?

bovine enteritis

C. felis causes ________and __________ in cats

• pneumonia

• conjunctivitis

What are the virulence factors of chlamydia

• obligatory intracellular bacteria

• elementary/reticular bodies

• type 3 secretion system

Chlymidia’s elementary bodies are highly ___________ but cant __________

• infectious and resistant

• replicate

Chlymidias retiuclate bodies are not _____________ but highly __________

• infectious

• replicative

In general elementary bodies are adapted for ___________ while reticulate bodies are adapted for ____________

• extracellular survival

• intracellular growth

What host factors cause a chlamydia infection

stress activates latent infections

Laboratory diagnosis of chlymydia requires what?

• stained organisms in smears of lesions

• isolation and cultivation in cell cultures

• PCR

Prevention of chlamydiosis lies in what methods?

• reduced exposure to carriers

• reduce carrier animals