KIN 122 MIDTERM 2 part 3 MOTOR SKILL LEARNING

Motor Programs

-Motor programs are stored movement plans that are pre-structured muscle commands. 

How are Motor Programs formed?

Motor programs are formed by repetitive practice.

What do Motor Programs consist of?

Consist of specialized nerve circuits/conduction pathways in the central nervous system.

What is the foundation for the development of motor programs?

Movement Abilities

Movement Abilities are ….

inherited, enduring, and stable traits (e.g., natural athleticism).

What does the quality and effectiveness of people’s motor programs depend on?

Depend upon their underlying movement abilities.

How many movement abilities have been identified by laboratory research?

Twenty-six movement abilities have been identified by laboratory research.

It is also believed that there are movement abilities yet to be identified.

What are the _ Categories Movement Abilities are put into?

Perceptual-Motor Abilities, Physical Proficiency Abilities, and General Coordination Abilities. 

Individuals (who are not experiencing a mobility impairment) possess….

all 26 of the movement abilities, but to varying degrees.

The level to which an individual possesses a movement ability …

dictates the limit of their motor skill performance.

Do two people have the same pattern of movement abilities?

NO

Four Essential Criteria For the Design of a Learning Experience (Criterion 1)

The first criterion is that the LEARNING EXPERIENCE must have the potential to IMPROVE the motor performance/activity skill of students.

Criterion 2

The second criterion for the design of a learning experience is that the learning experience must provide MAXIMAL activity or practice time for all students.

Criterion 3

The third criterion for designing learning experience is that the learning experience must be appropriate for the experiential and ability level of all students. 

Criterion 4

The fourth criterion is that the learning experience should have the potential to integrate cognitive, psychomotor, and affective educational goals whenever possible. 

Feedback

Feedback refers to the information that occurs as a result of a movement.

What is ONE of the strongest factors that controls the effectiveness of learning.

Feedback!

What is the best timing for feedback?

-IMMEDIATE FEEDBACK IS BEST.

-As soon as possible, try and link the feedback to the motor skill (or portion of the motor skill) the learner has just attempted to execute.

The greater the delay in providing feedback, the _________ the feedback is.

The less effective

What is Intrinsic Feedback?

Intrinsic feedback refers to information that is provided as a natural consequence of performing an action.

Two examples of Intrinsic Feedback.

“Knowledge of Process” “Knowledge of Outcome”

Knowledge of Process

 tennis players know if they have extended their arm when hitting a tennis ball.

Knowledge of Outcome

tennis players know if the tennis ball they struck landed in or out of their opponent’s court. 

Extrinsic Feedback

Extrinsic feedback refers to information that is provided to the learner by somebody else (an outside source) following a motor skill experience.

(REFERS TO INFORMATION THAT IS ABOVE AND BEYOND WHAT IS NATURALLY AVAILABLE TO THE LEARNER)

What is extrinsic feedback also known as? And can this feedback be controlled?

Augmented Feedback. Yes, it can be controlled.

To avoid overwhelming the learner, it is recommended that extrinsic feedback be limited to a maximum of learning cues.

four

Providing feedback over a long period of time can lead to a …

dependency on that feedback.

FADED FEEDBACK

Occurs as a product of an INVERSE RELATIONSHIP between motor skill proficiency level and feedback.

When an individual’s motor skill level is low, the amount of feedback provided should be high. As the individual’s motor skill level progresses from low to high, the feedback provided should decline from high to low.

Benefit of Faded Feedback

Is that coaches can tailor feedback to respect the individual differences of athletes. 

Bandwith Feedback

The motor skill learner is allowed to operate within a range of correctness. If their motor skill execution stays within the acceptable range, no feedback is provided. If their motor skill execution stays within the acceptable range, no feedback is provided.

Two advantages of Bandwith Feedback.

• Eventually faded feedback occurs.

• Movement consistency develops because the learner is not encouraged to change the movement on each trial.

Summary Feedback

Involves only providing feedback after “x” number of motor skill execution attempts. For example, providing feedback only after every third attempt.

2 benefits of summary feedback.

-generates movement consistency.

-Avoids overloading the learner.