Psychology quiz 2

hi

What does motivation mean

The need or desire to do something, the reason(s) a person(s) has for behaving/acting in a particular way.

What is the Drive reduction theory?

The body actively works to maintain a certain syaye of balance or equilibrium, motivated by physiological needs.

What is the Arousal theory?

Individuals are motivated to seek out levels of arousal.

What is the instinct theory?

Based on genetical instincts that motivate you. (motivated for survival)

What is Operate conditioning theory

A process by which humans and animals learn to behave in such a way as to obtain rewards and avoid punishments

Positive reinforcement

Adding → favorable behavior

Negative reinforcement

Taking away → favorable behavior

Positive Punishment

Adding → unfavorable behavior

Negative punishment

Taking away → unfavorable punishment

The zone of proximal developmental theory

What a learner can do w/out assistance abd what a learner can do with adult guidance/peer guidance.

Psychodynamic approach

Id, superego, ego

Superego

Moral standards

Id

unconscious part that seeks immediate gratification of basic urges and desires. (instincts)

Ego

rational mediator balancing desires of the id w the constriants of reality. (reality)

Psychodynamic theory : defense mechanisms

recouses our ego uses unconsciously to relieve stress and reach mental homeostasis

Rationalization

Making up acceptable exuses

Repression (unconscious)

Pushing feelings into the unconscious

Suppression (pre-conscious)

consciously keeping unpleasant feeling from your conscious mind

Projection

feelings from within are projected or blamed onto other people

reaction formation

replacing on undesired feelings with the opposite one (mask)

Regression

Going backward to an earlier and less mature pattern of behavior

Displacement

taking out your feelings out on a different person or thing

sublimation

redirecting undesired feelings into something desirable

denial

a refusal to accept reality

intellectualization

thinking about stressful situations in a clinical/practical way.

compensation

counter balancing perceived weakness by our focusing on other areas of strength

Self-control theory

an individuals ability to regulate their impulses and make decisions that align with long term goals when temptations arise

Goal setting theory

specific and challenging goals along with appropriate feed back contribute to higher and better task performance.

maslows hierarchy of needs

hierarchy levels from the bottom need to be satisfied before you can attend to hierarchy needs going upward.

B.F SKINNER

Operate conditioning

SIGMUND AND ANNA FREUD

Psychodynamic theory

LEV VYGOTSKY

zone of proximal development

CLARK HULL

drive reduction theory

WALTER MISHEL

self-control theory

ABRAHAM MASLOW

hierarchy of needs

Trail Theory

A psychological approach that defines human personality through stable and measurable patterns or behavior, thought, and emotion

Growth Mindset

The psychological belief that your intelligence, talents, and abilities can be developed over time through effort, good strategies, and persistance

Who created 'Growth Mindset’

Carol Dweck

Nature vs. Nurture

Innate qualities vs. personality life experiences

Continuity vs. Stages

Development was gradual vs. continuous or abrupt and distinct

Stability vs. Change

Trait theory vs Growth Mindset

What does the letter O in ocean stand for

Openness

What does the letter C in ocean stand for

conscientiousness

What does the letter E in ocean stand for

Extroversion

What does the letter A in ocean stand for

Agreeableness

What does the letter N in ocean stand for

Neuroticism

What is MBTI?

a self-report questionnaire that sorts people into 16 distinct personality types based on their psychological preferences

What does MBTI stand for

Myers Briggs Type Indicator

Is MBTI seen as positive or negative

Positive

Is OCEAN seen as positive or negative

neither

In the MBTI, which dimensions reflects individuals prefer to process information?

Sensing vs. Intuition

(O.C) A person takes an aspirin to relieve a headache. The headache disappears, so the person continues to take aspirin when they have headaches.

Negative reinforcement

Which need is at the base of Maslow’s hierarchy

Physiological

Which need is at the top of Maslow’s hierarchy

Self-actualization

Which is the primary criticism of the MBTI

It lacks validity and reliability in predicting job preformances