U.S. History Progressive Era Test Sets ABCD

Theodore Roosevelt

Republican, Served from 1901-1909

TR's Background

Navy officer, police commissioner, New York Governor, Vice President.

TR's Personality

Outspoken, hard-working, energetic, loved being President.

1901 (Start of TR's Term)

He was 42y/o.

- Became the youngest president, after McKinley was assassinated.

Progressive

Someone who wants to reform the government, improve working conditions, and work to better people's lives.

Bully Pulpit

Term for TR's presidency because he used his power and position to bring positive change for the people.

Square Deal

TR's programs and policies to give all Americans an equal opportunity.

"3 Cs" (Goals)

- Control of Corporations

- Consumer Protection

- Conservation

Control of Corporations

Regulated business and settled labor disputes.

Consumer Protection

Wanted to make sure food and medicine were safe.

Conservation

Protection of land and environment.

Trustbuster

Nickname for TR bec. he opposed business that was illegal or hurt the public.

Dept. of Commerce

Gov. Agency that investigates business and protects workers.

Pure Food + Drug Act

Required labels with dates and ingredients on all food and medicine.

US Forest SVC

Gov. Agency that oversees use of public land.

Booker T. Washington

Civil-Rights Leader and Teacher who was the 1st African American invited to the White House when he met with TR to discuss race relations.

"Speak softly + Carry a big stick"

TR's foreign policy motto of being ready to use the military to protect U.S. interests.

Roosevelt Corollary

U.S. had international police power to protect its territories, especially in Latin America.

Panama Canal

TR offered $10 Mil to Columbia for permission to build the canal.

Results of Panama Canal (1)

Columbia rejected the offer.

Results of Panama Canal (2)

TR supported Panama in a revolt against Colombia.

Results of Panama Canal (3)

U.S. built the canal to connect the Atlantic and Pacific.

1908 Election

TR chose to follow the tradition and did not run for a third term.

William H. Taft

Republican, 1909-1913; TR's friends whom TR pushed to run and won easily.

William H. Taft B/G

Sec. of War, Lawyer, Judge

William H. Taft Pers.

Cautious, reliable, calm, did not like being president.

1908

Taft was reluctant to run, but did so out of loyalty to TR.

16th Amd.

Fed. Income Tax

17th Amd.

Direct Elec. of Sens.

Dept. of Labor

Gov. Agency that creates laws to protect workers' rights and oversees fair working conditions.

Payne-Aldrich Tariff

Taft claimed to make changes to the tariff, but the changes were minimal, and it angered progressives.

Ballinger-Pinchott Affairs

Scandal over land in Alaska involving Taft's staff.

Richard Ballinger

Sec. of Interior, was accused of selling land in Alaska, and keeping the money.

Gifford Pinchott

U.S. Forest SVC, complained to Taft about Ballinger.

What did Taft do in response to Pinchott's complaints?

Fired Pinchott which angered TR and progressive who felt he was too conservative.

Election of 1912 (1)

Taft (R) - Unhappy as a president but ran out of spite bec. TR challenged him.

Election of 1912 (2)

TR - Created the Bull Moose Party, a 3rd Progressive party, so he could run.

Election of 1912 (3)

Woodrow Wilson (D) - NJ. Gov., not well-known

Election of 1912 (4)

Eugene Debs - Socialist Party, supported by Union Workers

Results of the Election of 1912

Wilson won mainly because of the split in the votes between Taft and TR.

Woodrow WIlson

(D), 1913-1921

Woodrow Wilson B/G

NJ Gov., college professor

Woodrow Wilson Pers.

Scholarly, intelligent, intense, stern

Underwood Tariff

Made significant changes to the tariff for the 1st time since the Civil War.

Adamson Act

Established 8 hr work-days for railroad workers.

Keating-Owen Act

Said that no child under 14 could work in factories

Federal Reserve Act

Revised the banking system for the 1st time since the Civil War.

Federal Reserve Act Results (1)

Issued Paper Money

Federal Reserve Act Results (2)

Set interest rates

Federal Reserve Act Results (3)

Made easier to get loans

WWI

Began in 1914, and Wilson began focusing on the war over policies.