Anatomy & Physiology: Connective Tissue, Cartilage, Bone, and Membranes Flashcards | Quizlet

What are the 2 parts of connective tissue?

Extracellular matrix and specialized cells.

What makes up the extracellular matrix?

Ground substance and protein fibers.

How is connective tissue different from epithelial tissue?

Most connective tissue has more matrix than cells; epithelial tissue has more cells.

What are the 3 types of connective tissue?

Connective tissue proper, fluid connective tissue, and supporting connective tissue.

What are the 3 types of protein fibers?

Collagen, reticular, and elastic fibers.

What do collagen fibers do, and where are they found?

Provide strength with little stretching; found in tendons and ligaments.

What is special about areolar tissue?

It contains all 3 fiber types, fibroblasts, fat cells, and white blood cells.

Where is reticular tissue found?

Liver, kidneys, spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow.

What is dense regular connective tissue?

Strong collagen fibers arranged in organized, parallel bundles.

What do tendons and ligaments connect?

Tendons connect muscle to bone; ligaments connect bone to bone.

What is dense irregular connective tissue?

Collagen fibers running in different directions; resists pulling from many directions.

What is fluid connective tissue?

Blood and lymph fluid.

What is plasma?

The watery matrix of blood containing proteins, salts, sugars, amino acids, and ions.

What do platelets do?

Help blood clot and release growth factors such as PDGF.

What are the 3 types of cartilage?

Hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, and fibrocartilage.

What are chondrocytes and lacunae?

Chondrocytes are cartilage cells; lacunae are the small spaces holding them.

Why does cartilage heal slowly?

It has no blood vessels or nerves; nutrients and oxygen diffuse through its matrix.

What is hyaline cartilage?

Firm, glassy cartilage with type II collagen and chondroitin; provides flexible support.

Where is fibrocartilage found?

Intervertebral discs, knee menisci, and pubic symphysis.

What makes bone strong but somewhat flexible?

Hard calcium salts give strength; collagen gives some flexibility.

What do osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts do?

Osteoblasts build bone; osteocytes are mature bone cells; osteoclasts break down bone.

What are lacunae, canaliculi, and central canals in bone?

Lacunae hold osteocytes; canaliculi are tiny channels; central canals contain blood vessels.

What are the 4 body membranes?

Mucous, serous, cutaneous (skin), and synovial membranes.

What do serous fluid and synovial fluid do?

Reduce friction; synovial fluid lubricates joints.

What are the 3 types of fascia?

Superficial: under skin, areolar and fat; deep: strong dense tissue; subserous: areolar tissue between deep fascia and serous membranes.