Chapter 8 Imperialism Review (test thursday 9/10/26)

Vocabulary study cards covering all key terms, leaders, and events related to imperialism across China, Japan, Latin America, Africa, and India as noted in Chapter 8.

Imperialism

A country's domination of the political, economic, and social life of another country.

Social Darwinism

The belief that strong countries had a responsibility to take over weaker ones.

Colony

Territory that an imperialistic power ruled directly.

Protectorate

A place that has its own government, but its foreign affairs are controlled by someone else.

Sphere of Influence

A region inside a country in which an imperialistic power held exclusive trading rights.

Opium War

A conflict sparked when the Chinese government blockaded the port to force British traders to turn over illegal opium.

John Hay

The U.S. secretary of state who proposed the Open Door policy, allowing anyone to trade inside China.

Order of the Sientews and Harmonius fists

An anti-foreign group in China, better known as the Boxers, who went on a rampage killing missionaries.

Sun Yat Sin

Leader who became president of China in 1911 and modernized the nation.

Matthew Perry

U.S. naval officer who commanded 4 American War Ships to Japan and forced them to establish trade with the U.S.

Russo-Japanese War

Conflict in which Japan defeated Russia, proving to other nations that European powers could be defeated.

Monroe Doctrine

U.S. policy declaring the Western Hemisphere closed to future European colonization, treating future intervention as a hostile act.

De Lome letter

A letter written by a Spanish ambassador criticizing the U.S. President, contributing to the outbreak of the Spanish-American War.

U.S. battleship 'Maine'

American battleship that sank in Havannah Harbor, leading to the Spanish-American War.

Panama Canal

A built waterway connecting the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean, commissioned under Theodore Roosevelt.

Big stick policy

The foreign policy approach associated with President Theodore Roosevelt.

David Livingston

Scottish doctor and missionary who explored Africa for 30 years.

Henry Stanley

Journalist sent to Africa to track down David Livingston when he went missing.

Suez Canal

A waterway in Egypt joining the Red Sea and Mediterranean Sea, providing a quicker route between Europe and Asia.

Leopold II

King of Belgium who turned the Congo into his personal plantation, harvested rubber trees, and killed elephant herds for ivory.

Liberia

African nation established after the U.S. Civil War by former slaves who did not want to stay in the U.S.

Menelik 2nd

Determined leader whose readiness to fight kept Ethiopia free from imperialist claims.

Cecil Rhodes

British adventurer who amassed a fortune from gold and diamond mines in Africa.

British East India Company

Company that held power in India using its own soldiers and forts before control was transferred to the British government.

Sepoys

Indian soldiers hired by the British East India Company to protect its interests.

Sepoy mutiny

1857 revolt by Indian soldiers triggered by rumors of bullet cartridges greased with cow and pig fat.

Queen Victoria

British monarch who acquired the title Empress of India following the Sepoy Uprising.

Michandus Gandi

Leader who revitalized the Indian independence movement in 1915 by championing non-violence.