history: Christendom replaces paganism

Middle Ages

A period of time from the fall of e Roman Empire to the Protestant Rermation

Feudal system

A system of localized government that prevailed during the Middle Ages. He relationship f a lord and his vassals in which e vassals paid homage to the lord and preformed military service in return for his protection and the use for his land.

Christendom

He entire territory throughout the later Roman Empire and medieval Europe under the influence of Christianity. Although not all embers f Christendom were Christians, e values and worldview of Christianity prevailed throughout society.

Gothic

A style of architecture originating in France and spreading over Europe during the Middle Ages. The word “gothic” was used by Italian Renaissance critics ho considered the style coarse and crude and Therese named it after barbering goths. Gothic architecture is characterized by high vaulted ceilings, painted arches, and flying buttresses

Catholic

Universal

Hierarchy

An order or rank of governing officials in various spheres of government

Roman Catholic

The main Western European church until the end of the Middle Ages

Pope

The head of the Roman Catholic Church

Papacy

The institution or office of the Pope, the system of church government in which the pope is recognized as the ecclesiastical head.

Vicar of Christ

A title for the Pope which means that he is the earthly representative of Jesus Christ

Excommunication

Disciplinary action taken by governing officials of the church to remove an unrepentant member from its fellowship and the sacraments.

Koran

The holy book of Islam

Islam

Literally “I submit” Founded by Muhammad in the 7th centrury AD

Allah

The name of the god of Islam

Muslims

Followers of Allah, that is followers of Muhammad and his teaching about allah

Turks

A military aggressive group of Moslems whose armies destroyed and looted Constantinople in 1453 bringing and end to the Byzantine empire

Byzantine Empire

The Eastern Roman Empire HQ in Constantinople and lasted for over 1,000 years until they fell in Constantinople in 1453.

Constantinople

“The City of of Constantine” named for the Christian Roman Empire. It was the capitol of the Byzantine Empire currently called Istanbul, Turkey.

Compass

A navigational tool first used by the Chinese to help sailors to chart their sea passages on voyages. The device aligns the magnetic needle with he earths magnetic fields so that the needle points NORTH

Astrolabe

A navigational tool invented by the Arabs to help sailors measure the position of the stars and also chart their paths on sea voyages.

Hippocratic Oath

A pledge written the Greek physician Hippocrates and designed to hold physicians accountable to respect all life “and do no harm” to other patients. The pledge included a specific statement against abortion.

Tetullian

Early 3rd century Christian writer who stressed that the Biblical worldview must serve as the standard in evaluating all competing worldviews. He famously said “what in deed does Athens to do with Jerusalem”

Odoacer

German mercenary who deposed Rome’s last emperor Romulus Augustulus in 476

Theodorsius I

4th century Roman Emperor who declared the empire to be officially Christian

Clovis

5th Century Frankish King who converted to orthodox Christianity

Muhammad

Self proclaimed prophet who founded the religion Islam

Urban II

Pope who initiated the first crusade in 1095

Muhammad II

Turkish Sultan who conquered Constantinople in 1453

Galen

Greek physician (C.130-200) who was the most influential writer on medical subjects for nearly 1500 yrs.

Hippocrates

Ancient Greek physician the author of the Hippocratic oath.