History

Prohibition

A policy that forbids by law the manufacturing, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages.

Blitz Creek

A swift military offense, using ground and air forces.

Conscription

To enroll somebody compulsory in the armed forces or for military service.

NATO

An international organization established in 1949 to promote mutual defense and collective security.

Cold War

An unfriendly or hostile relationship between two groups that does not involve actual fighting.

Iron Curtain

An impenetrable barrier to understanding, awareness, or agreement.

Civil Defence

The organization and training of civilian volunteers to assist armed forces in emergencies or wars.

NORAD

A combined organization of the United States and Canada that provides aerospace warning, air sovereignty, and defense for North America.

Imperialism

The policy of extending the rule or influence of a country over other countries or colonies.

Militarism

A government policy of investing heavily in and strengthening the armed forces.

Nationalism

Excessive devotion to a nation and its interests, often believing one country is superior to all others.

The Great Depression

A period greatly affected by unemployment, low output, and poverty.

Communism

A political theory where all property and wealth is owned in a classless society.

Democracy

The free and equal right of every person to participate in a system of government.

Appeasement

The strategy of calming a potentially hostile nation to avoid war by granting concessions.

Deterrence

The policy of discouraging enemy attack by maintaining sufficient military force.

Totalitarianism

A centralized government system where a single party rules over all aspects of life.

Fascism

Ideology favoring dictatorial government and extreme nationalism.

Flapper

A young modern woman known for questionable morals and behavior.

Recession

A significant decline in economic activity lasting for a prolonged period.

Munich Agreement

The agreement that allowed Germany to annex the Sudetenland (Czechoslovakia).

Anschluss

The annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany in 1938.

Buying on Margin

The practice of borrowing money to purchase stock, using investments as collateral.

War Measures Act

A federal law enacted by the Canadian Parliament for the declaration of WW1.

Woodrow Wilson

US president during World War I who kept America neutral for as long as possible.

Benito Mussolini

Italian Prime Minister from 1922 to 1925 and founder of Italian fascism.

Frederic Banting

Creator of the formula for insulin.

Gavrilo Princip

Bosnian-Serb who killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand, triggering WWI.

Joseph Stalin

Communist leader of the Soviet Union from 1924 to 1953.

Arthur Von Schlieffen

German field marshal who created the failed Schlieffen Plan.

Franz Ferdinand

Archduke of Austria-Hungary whose assassination led to WWI.

Richard Bennett

11th Prime Minister of Canada (1930-1935), blamed for poor economy.

Kaiser Wilhelm

Emperor of Germany during WWI, feared Britain.

Franklin D Roosevelt

US president (1933-1945) who created the New Deal to help the American economy.

Winston Churchill

British prime minister (1940-1945) who led Allies to victory over Axis powers.

Robert Borden

8th Prime Minister of Canada (1911-1920).

Adolf Hitler

Dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945, responsible for starting WWII.

Arthur Currie

Canadian senior officer during WWI, known for victory at Vimy Ridge.

Sam Hughes

Canada’s minister of militia responsible for moving troops to Europe during WWI.

Alexander Graham Bell

Inventor of the telephone.

Igor Gouzenko

Soviet cipher clerk who fled the Soviet embassy in Ottawa.

John F. Kennedy

US president (1961-1963) who fought for equal rights and opportunities.

Nikita Khrushchev

1st secretary of the USSR (1953-1964), known for political and social change.

Amelia Earhart

Most famous Canadian female pilot of the era.

Lusitania

American tourist ship sunk by a German submarine, prompting US entry into WWI.

Stock Market Crash

Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929, when stock prices declined sharply.

Life in the 20s

A prosperous time marked by inventions and changing women's roles in society.

Pros and Cons of Prohibition

Pros: Prevented drunkenness; Cons: Led to illegal alcohol and increased gang activity.

On-to-Ottawa trek

1935 strike by relief camp workers demanding better conditions.

Winnipeg General Strike

A significant strike in 1919 due to poor working conditions and job scarcity.

Battles of WWI

Notable battles include Ypres, the Somme, Vimy Ridge, and Passchendaele.

D-Day

The significant WWII battle that established Allied foothold in Normandy.

Japanese Internment

Internment of Japanese Canadians during WWII under harsh conditions.

Holocaust

The extermination of six million Jews by the Nazi regime during WWII.

Difficulties after WWI

Includes unemployment, injuries, and social stigma, contributing to PTSD.

US and Canada Cooperation After WWII

Deepened cooperation in defense, trade, and global diplomacy post-war.

Mood of Young Men Before and After WWI

Before: Enthusiastic; After: Disillusioned and traumatized.

NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization formed in 1949 for mutual defense.

League of Nations

First worldwide organization to maintain world peace after WWI.

Warsaw Pact

Military alliance between the USSR and European countries formed in 1955.

Triple Entente

Alliance between Russia, France, and Great Britain before WWI.

Triple Alliance

Alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy before WWI.

UN

International organization established in 1945 to promote peace.

Alliances in WWI

Triple Alliance and Triple Entente.

Alliances in WWII

The Allies and Axis Powers.

US Entry into WWI

Triggered by the sinking of Lusitania.

US Entry into WWII

Triggered by the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.

Causes of WWI

Assassination of Franz Ferdinand, militarism, alliances, nationalism, imperialism.

Causes of WWII

Hitler's invasion of Poland and appeasement.

Weapons used in WWI

Rifles, machine guns, artillery, mustard gas, and chlorine gas.

Weapons used in WWII

Aircraft carriers, tanks, and bombers.

Communism vs Capitalism

Ideological conflict between state-owned and market-driven economies.

Treatment of Enemy Aliens

Different treatment of Ukrainians versus Japanese during WWII.

Difficulties after WWI

Includes unemployment and injuries post-WWI.