Biology 40s: Classification and Biodiversity

Vocabulary flashcards covering topics on biodiversity, species definitions, the domain system, taxonomy, cellular classification, bacterial structures, and viral properties.

Biodiversity

All the different living life-forms on Earth, or the range of life in an area.

Ernst Mayr's Definition of a Species

All the individual organisms of a natural population that generally interbreed to produce viable, fertile offspring.

Mule

A sterile hybrid produced from a donkey and a horse that cannot reproduce and is therefore not considered a species.

Domain System

A classification system created by Carl Woese (c.1977) in which every organism on Earth can be grouped into 1 of 3 domains.

Domain Bacteria

A domain that groups together all true bacteria (EUBACTERIA), all members of which are prokaryotes, including Cyanobacteria, Streptococcus, and Bacillus.

Domain Archea

A domain that groups together all bacteria based on similar RNA (genetic) material, containing the most primitive bacteria (Archaebacteria), all members of which are prokaryotes.

Domain Eukarya

A domain that groups together all organisms that have membrane-bound nuclei (eukaryotes), including protists, fungi, plant cells, and animal cells.

Phylogenetic Tree

An organizational "map" showing how organisms can be classified based on genetic traits and evolutionary ancestry.

Taxonomy

The science of classifying organisms.

Linnaeus System of Taxonomy

A system for organizing species of animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria according to physical characteristics, including behavioural and physiological characteristics.

Prokaryotic Cells

Cells that do not have a membrane-bound nucleus.

Eukaryotic Cells

Cells that have a membrane-bound nucleus.

Peptidoglycan

The protein material that makes up bacterial cell walls.

Bacteriophage

A type of virus that infects bacteria.

T4 Bacteriophage

A specific type of bacteriophage virus that attacks E. coli.

Abiotic (Viruses)

The non-living status of viruses, defined by their inability to reproduce without a host, lack of metabolism to make biochemical energy, and lack of growth or waste production.

Influenza

A common virus (shortened as "flu") that attacks respiratory cells.

Antibiotics

Treatments that cannot destroy viruses because they only attack living bacteria.

Classification

To group or organize something based on a set of rules

Dichotomous key

A set of statements designed to help identify organisms based solely on physical, observable features

the importance of biodiversity

-makes up the biosphere

-keeps the food chain balanced

-maintains the genetic diversity of a gene pool

-low bio diversity leads to more disease or defective genes in the gene pool

list the Linnaean classification system

domain

kingdom

phylum

class

order

family

genus

species

how to remember the linnaean

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the 6 kingdoms

Kingdom Eubacteria

Kingdom Archaea

Kingdom Protista

Kingdom Fungi

Kingdom Plantae

Kingdom Animalia

Coccus

round, circular

Bacillus

Rod-like; may have flagellum

Spirillum/ spirochete

Spiral shaped

Coccus arrangement

Coccus: single round bacteria cell on its own

Diplococcus: a pair of round bacteria cells

Streptococcus: a single file line of round bacteria

Stephlycoccus