Skeletal System

Structural Support

Provides a framework for soft tissue and organ attachment.

Mineral Storage

Stores minerals like calcium and lipids; contributes to body fluid concentration.

Blood Production

Occurs in red bone marrow, producing red blood cells and white blood cells.

Protection

Surrounds soft tissue and organs to shield them from injury.

Leverage

Acts as levers for muscles, facilitating movement.

Spongy Bone

Found in the epiphyses of long bones and inside short/flat bones, characterized by trabecular branches.

Compact Bone

Located in the diaphyses, forms the protective medullary cavity, containing osteons arranged in lamellae rings.

Osteoblasts

Cells that synthesize and secrete the organic bone matrix called osteoid.

Osteocytes

Mature bone cells that maintain the daily metabolism of bone tissue.

Osteoclasts

Large cells that break down and resorb bone matrix minerals.

Long Bones

Significantly longer than they are wide, examples include the femur and humerus.

Short Bones

Roughly cube-shaped, providing stability and support, like carpal bones.

Flat Bones

Thin and flattened, providing protection for organs, such as the sternum.

Irregular Bones

Complex and specialized shapes that do not fit standard categories, like vertebrae.

Interstitial Growth

Growth that increases the length of long bones, primarily at the epiphyseal growth plate.

Role of Vitamin D

Enhances calcium absorption and regulates mineral balance.

Hematoma Formation

The first step in bone repair, where blood vessels tear, causing clotted blood at the fracture site.

Soft Callus Formation

Involves invasion of capillaries and fibroblasts, leading to fibrocartilaginous callus formation.

Hard Callus Formation

New trabeculae replace soft callus with immature bone, uniting broken fragments.

Bone Remodeling

The final phase of bone repair, where excess material is removed and bone is reshaped.