fungal pathogens

individual fungal cells which bud are called?

yeast

cylindrical chains of fungal cells which can be septate or non septet are termed?

hyphae

what in the fungal membrane serves as an anti fungal target

ergosterol

this is a large visible filamentous hyphen mass when plated

mycelium

are fungi motile or non motile?

non motile

this s a uni or multicellular spore not enclosed in a sac

conidiospore

this is an asexual spore formed within a sac

sporangium

what is it called when hyphae fragment by biotic abiotic mechanisms and disperse the organism

hyphal fragmentation

this drug is a polyene which targets membrane sterols and associates with ergosterol to form pores in membrane, is the standard therapy for most fungal infections

amphotericin B

these dogs target sterol synthesis

azoles

these drugs interfere with fungal proteins and dna synthesis, inhibit nucleic acids, BUTTTTT resistance develops quickly so it cannot be used alone

pyrimidine inhibitors

what are pyrimidine inhibitors usually used for

cryptococcal meningitis

these drugs block cell wall biosynthesis by targeting the b1-3-d-glucans portion of the fungal cell wasll

enchinocandins

this is the most prominent species to colonize humans, resides in GI, urogeital, skin, mouth

candida albicans

this candida is resistant to antifungals and is typically seen with nosocomial infections

auris

why is candida polymorphic

can be yeast, pseudohyphae, true hyphae and chlamydospores

what is the main host defense against invasion and dissemination of c albicns

neutrophils

what immune cells assist with candidiasis infection

th1, th17, neurtrophils

this produces thrush, is seen in infants, adults, immunocompromised, occurs in the mouth and is a non adherent creamy plaque

pseudomembranous candidiasis

this is an antibiotic sore mouth from corticosteroid inhalers, with inflammation without white curds, produces a burning sensation

acute erythematous candidiasis

this occurs with ill fitting and poorly maintained removable dentures, is most common chronic form with redness inflammation and swelling

chronic atrophic candidiasis (denture stomatitis)

this produces a erythematous depapillated red patch located on middle of tongue, see with smoking and immunosuppression and is often asymptomatic, caused by candidiasis

medial rhomboid glottitis

this is redness and soreness at the corners of the mouth, often has confection of candida and s aureus

angular cheilitis

on direct microscopy, how can candida species apper

yeast and pesudohyphae and hyphae forms

what is used to prepare wet specimens of candida

KOH

what stain is used for candida

PAS

what is the best anti fungal to use for candida infections

amphotericin b

this fungus Is ubiquitous in soil and nature, there are outbreaks in hospitals and it is NOT PART OF NORMAL FLORA

aspergillus

what are the three forms of aspergillosis

saprophytic, allergic, INVASIVE

what are risk factors for aspergillosis

neutropenia, organ transplant, immunosuppressive drugs

what are some characteristics of aspergillosis to help identify the organism

septet hyphae with conidia and 45 degree branching angles

this is a characteristic of a. fumigates which allows hyphae to invade blood vessels causing infarction, hemorrhage, and necrosis

angioinvasive

what is the most defense against aspergillosis conidia

neutrophils and macrophages

if neutrophils cant phago the hyphae of a. fumigates, what is released

ROS

what 2 infections does aspergillosis usually present as

pulmonary or sinus

the oral ulceration presenting with oral presentation of a/ fumigates usually involves the soft palate and the lesion is surrounded by what?

margin of black tissue

why is a/ fumigatus usually plated on

sabourauds agar