AP PSYCH UNIT 2: last part

Intelligence

Ability to learn, solve problems, and adapt.

General Intelligence (g)

Overall mental energy underlying all cognitive abilities.

Multiple Intelligences

Theory that intelligence consists of distinct, independent abilities.

Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

Numerical score measuring cognitive capability against peers.

Mental Age

Chronological age typical for a specific performance level.

Standardization

Creating uniform testing procedures and representative scoring norms.

Valid

Degree to which a test measures intended trait.

Construct Validity

Extent a test measures specific target theoretical trait.

Predictive Validity

Success of a test forecasting future performance outcomes.

Reliable

Test yields consistent and reproducible results over time.

Test-Retest Reliability

Consistency of scores across two identical test administrations.

Split-Half Reliability

Consistency evaluated by comparing performance across test halves.

Stereotype Threat

Performance anxiety from fear of confirming negative stereotypes.

Stereotype Lift

Performance boost triggered by positive group stereotypic comparisons.

Flynn Effect

Continuous rise in average worldwide IQ scores over generations.

Achievement Tests

Tests measuring what knowledge someone has already learned.

Aptitude Tests

Tests predicting future capacity or potential to learn.

Fixed Mindset

Belief that intelligence is static and unchangeable ability.

Growth Mindset

Belief that intelligence can grow with effort and practice.