Intermolecular forces and KMT

PSU chem 110 exam 3 (hailee oppmann)

intermolecular forces

attractions between separate particles, such as molecules, ex. with water forces attract one H2O molecule to another

intramolecular forces

ex. water: hold the hydrogen and oxygen atoms together INSIDE H2O

London Dispersion forces

temporary or induced dipoles (THEY OCCUR IN ALL ATOMS AND MOLECULES, INCLUDING NONPOLAR ONES)

dipole - dipole

two polar molecules

hydrogen bonding

h attached to N, O, or F interacting with a suitable lone pair

ion-dipole

an ion and a polar molecule

ion-induced dipole

an ion and a polarizable particle

dipole induced dipole

a polar molecule and a polarizable particle

polar molecules

bond dipoles do not cancel, so the molecule has an uneven distribution of charge

nonpolar molecules

bond dipoles cancel because of the molecule’s geometry, or the molecule has no polar bonds

eth-

2 carbon atoms

boyles law

t and n held constant and p increases as v decreases

P1V1 = P2V2

charle’s law

p and n held constant, t increases as v increases

V1/T1 = V2/T2

avagadros law

p and t held constant, n increases as v increases

ideal gas law

PV = nRT

combined gas law

P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2

When do gases deviate from ideal behavior?

high pressure, low temp