Ch 1 microbiology (part of test one)

Microbiology

How microbes affect our lives (3)

Phosphorous cycle, dead animals, nitrogen cycle. They totally decompose organisms and put their nutrients back into the environment.

How microbes effect industrial and commercial uses (5)

Beer, wine, cheese, birth control, botox

How microbes effect pathogenesis

Few cause death, disease, and immense suffering

Describe how Binomial nomenclature works

Genus name is capitalized (organism name) , species name in lowercase

What is the cell structure of Prokaryotic cells? (pro=no)

Relatively small and simple, lack a nucleus

What is the cell structure of Eukaryotic cells? (Eu=true)

Relatively larger and more complex, have a nucleus

What is a Autotroph?

Make their own food

What is a Heterotroph?

Get their food from other things

Cell structure and cell wall of BACTERIA

prokaryotic, peptidoglycan

Method of nutrition of BACTERIA

Both. Autotrophs in the ocean, heterotrophs everywhere else

Examples of BACTERIA

E. coli, staph, salmonella

Cell structure and cell wall of ARCHEA

prokaryotic, pseudomurien

Method of nutrition of nutrition of ARCHEA

Most are heterotrophs

Examples of ARCHEA

NONE

Cell structure and cell wall of FUNGI

Eukaryotic, chitin

Method of nutrition of FUNGI

Heterotrophs

Examples of FUNGI

Molds, yeasts

Cell structure and cell wall of PROTOZOA

Eukaryotic, NONE

Method of nutrition for PROTOZOA

Most are heterotrophs

Examples of PROTOZOA

Ameba (non-pathogenic) , Trypanosoma (pathogenic)

Cell structure and cell wall of ALGAE

Eukaryotic, cellulose or silica

Method of nutrition of ALGAE

Autotrophs

Examples of ALGAE

“pond scum” (can be pathogenic)

Cell structure and cell wall of HELMINTHS (parasitic worms, they’re animals)

Eukaryotic, None

Method of nutrition of HELMINTHS (parasitic worms)

Heterotrophs

Examples of HELMINTHS (parasitic worms)

Tapeworms, Hookworms

Cell structure and cell wall of VIRUSES (they’re not cells)

None, none

Method of nutrition of VIRUSES (they’re not cells)

None

Examples of VIRUSES

Influenza virus , HIV

What did Anton van Leeuwenhoek do? (late 1600s)

Built microscopes, first person to see microbes

What did Edward Jenner do? (late 1700s)

First successful vaccination, cured smallpox

What did Joseph Lister do? (mid 1800s)

Founder of aseptic surgery, used carbolic acid

What did Louis Pasteur do? (mid-late 1800s) ****

Microbiology founder, pasteurization, rabies vaccine, disproved spontaneous generation

What did Robert Koch do? (mid-late 1800s)

Koch’s postulates, specific bacteria causes disease

What did Paul Ehrlich do? (early 1900s)

Founder of antimicrobial chemotherapy

What did Alexander Fleming do? (1920s)

First to discover an antibiotic, penicillin

Describe how spontaneous generation controversy was resolved, and how that resolution facilitated the development of microbiology as a science.

Louis Pasteur created the S-neck flask, which showed that microbes cannot appear in this broth because boiling killed the existing microbes, and the design physically blocked new ones from entering,

Describe how Koch’s Postulates are used to determine if a particular microorganism is the cause of a particular disease

1. found in individuals showing signs and symptoms of the disease

2. removed from a diseased individual, isolated, and grown in pure culture in the lab

3. cause the disease when inoculated into healthy individuals from a lab culture

4. isolated from experimentally-infected individuals

define mycology

the study of fungi

define immunology

the study of how body’s immune system responds to microbes

define biotechnology

using microbes to make useful products, like vaccines and insulin

define bioremediation

using microbes to break down pollutants in environments, like bacteria to break down spilled oil

define emerging infectious diseases AND give 3 examples

a disease that has only been in the human population for a relatively short time. Covid-19, Ebola, Lyme

Put in correct order: The age of dinosaurs, Eukaryotic cells appear, earth forms, oceans form, significant quantities of O2 molecules appear, organisms begin to colonize land environments, homo sapiens appears, first cells similar to Archea appear, multicellular eukaryotes appear

Earth forms, oceans form, first cell similar to Archea appear, significant quantities of O2 molecules appear, eukaryotic cells appear, multicellular eukaryotes appear, organisms begin to colonize land environments, the age of dinosaurs, homo sapiens appear