[MIDTERMS] LIT100: Module 4 - 6

Confucius

(551-479 BC) China's most famous teacher, philosopher, & political theorist, whose ideas have profoundly influenced the civilizations of China & other East Asian countries

Confucianism

aside from the Ru School of Chinese thought, he also founded the philosophical school of thought known as [blank]

The Lunyu (Analects)

the most-revered sacred scripture in the Confucian tradition, was probably compiled by the succeeding generations of Confucius's disciples

Analects

captures the Confucian spirit in form and content

Analects

it was viewed as a canonical text in China for over two millenia

Tao, Chunt-Tzu, Li, Te, and Jen

much of the work concerns the concept of [blank] which together form the backbone of Confucian ideas

human nature, family, government, & respect for elders

the main concepts of the Analects

moral character

according to the Analects, the welfare of a nation depended on the [blank] of its people

Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism

the three major religions in China that has influenced Chinese life

Confucius

"I am not someone who was born wise. I am someone who loves the ancients and tries to learn from them."

Ren

a comprehensive ethical virtue:

- benevolence

- humaneness

- goodness

Junzi

the noble person; an ideally ethical and capable person (power holder)

Dao

art, self-perfection, world transformation

a teaching or skill formula that is key to come arena of action

Li

ritual institution of the Zhou

Tian

"sky" or "heaven"

concept of supreme deity; possesses a clear anthropomorphic features/natural forces

Mahabharata

"Revenge is not always better, but neither is forgiveness; learn to know them both, so that there is no problem."

Great Epic of Bharata Dynasty

meaning of Mahabharata in Sanskrit

Dharma and Itihasa

Mahabharata is an important source of information on the development of Hinduism and is regarded by HIndus as both a text about Hindu moral law and history

Dhritarashtra

descendant of Kuru

Kauravas

sons of Dhritarashtra

Pandavas

the sons of Pandu

Kauravas and Pandavas

Mahabharata consists of a mass mythological & didactic material arranged between two groups of cousin which are

100 000 couplets

the poem is made up of almost [blank] couplets; about seven times the length of Iliad and Odyssey combined

India

center of ancient civilization (east and south)

ancient Persia, Europe, Rome, Spain, England, and France

what are the Indo-European races?

Indian Literature

literature produced across the Indian subcontinent prior to the creation of the Republic of India in 1947

Hindu Literature

reveals inner and outer life of a remarkable people

Brahma

The creator god in Hinduism

Vishnu

the preserver god in Hinduism

Shiva

the destroyer god in Hinduism

Veda

a collection of tradition handed down by word of mouth; earliest Indian literature

Veda

hymns addressed to Indian gods and stories about gods

Vedic

The language of the Vedas, an early form of Sanskrit

Sanskrit

an Indo-European, Indic language, in use since c1200 BC as the religious and classical literary language of India.

Rig Veda

an anthology of 1028 hymns to various gods;

one of the oldest sacred books of Hinduism

Sama Veda

(Book of Chants) liturgies, mostly repetitions of hymns in Rig Veda

Yajur Veda

(Ritual Knowledge) a collection of recitations, ritual worship formulas, mantras and chants used in worship ceremonies

Atharva Veda

(Prayer Book) additional many prose formulas;

youngest of all vedas

Rig, Yajur, and Sama

the first three Vedas, known as the Trayi-vidya or "threefold knowledge"

Brahmanas

explanations of mantras and hymns from the Vedas, teachings of legends illustrated by the myths, performance of rituals, and philosophy

Upanishads

collection of 108 discourses on the Brahman religion;

Sutra

"a thread or string" verses of text or scripture

Vyasa

Author of Mahabharata

Mahabharata

greatest epic of India; Circa 500 BC

five deities in Vedic methodology

five heroes in Mahabharata as to their characters, actions and relationships of the [blank]

Ramayana

a Sanskrit epic from ancient India; written by the poet Valkimi

ancient, classical, medieval, modern

four main periods of Japanese literature

Haiku

a 700 year old Japanese verse form; a 3-line poem consisting of seventeen syllables (5-7-5)

nature

most haiku verses deal with [blank]

Masoaka Shiki

it was previously called "hokku" until [blank] gave the name haiku in 19th century

Issa Kobayashi

one of the famous haiku poets; Japan, 1763

poems are about the humble creatures he loved

Matsuo Basho

greatest master of haiku; made 1000 poets in his lifetime

haikai and hokku

the term haiku is derived from [blank and blank] which means humorous form and initial stanza of renga

Satyavan

in Savitri's Love from the mahabharata, who was the princess's love?

Yamraj

who was the god of death in "Savitri's Love"?

Chinua Achebe

a Nigerian novelist acclaimed for his unsentimental depictions of the social and psychological disorientation accompanying the imposition of Western customs and values upon traditional African society

Albert Chinualumogu Achebe

Chinua Achebe's full name

Things Fall Apart

the world's most widely read African novel

1958

when was Things Fall Apart published?

Nigerian literary renaissance

Things Fall Apart helped create the [blank] of the 1960s

Umuofia tribe

the tribe of the Igbo people where Okonkwo is a respected leader

precocious wrestler and hard-working farmer

from an early age, Okonkwo built his home and reputation as [blank and blank]

Okonkwo

Protagonist, well respected man in Umuofia, 3 wives, 2 barns full of yams, banished after he accidentally kills Ogbuefi Ezeudu's son, hangs himself and he kills messenger, "Roaring Flame", Doesn't like his father, He rules by fear, he is a hard worker.

1. mother of Nyowe and Obiageli

2. Ekwefi

3. Ojiugo

Okonkwo's three wives

Ikemefuna

a boy adopted by Okonkwo by a neighboring village

Nyowe

Okonkwo's eldest son who Okonkwo considers irredeemably effeminate and very much like his father, Unoka

Ekwefi

Okonkwo's second wife; has a close connection to him

Ezinma

Ekwefi's daughter, an ogbanje, or a child who repeatedly dies and reenters the womb to be rebord, Okonkwo's favorite child, called "Salt" by Obiageli whom she has lots of influence over, "Crystal of Beauty"

Obierika

Okonkwo's closest friend, sells Okonkwo's yams when he is gone, Maduka's father

Unoka

Okonkwo's father; wine drinker, musician, known for his laziness and cowardice

Amalinze

The Cat, an undefeated wrestler whom Okonkwo beaten in a wresting fight

fire

referring to Okonkwo's rage and combustible nature; symbolizes the incendiary nature of his masculinity

ash

symbolism that describes Nyowe: a cold, impotent [blank]

yams

symbolizes wealth, status, and masculinity

locusts

represents the devastating effects of European contact and Christian missionaries

colonization, family, religion, tradition, language, masculinity, and fate and free will

what are the central themes included in Things Fall Apart