research methods, genetics, and evolution

human cells

have nuclei and is the control center of the cell

nuclei

contain chromosomes, which are rods that store cell’s genetic info

alleles

two segments of same gene (one inherited from each parent, one per chromosome) and this also makes up a gene.

homozygous

two paired alleles that are alikehe

heterozygous

two paired alleles are different

genotype

genetic information stored in chromosomes

phenotype

physically observable characteristics

dominant vs recessive

dominant allele with over power the recessive allele and will be genetically express

law of segregation

human genes are made up of two alleles, they are separated within the gamete cells (ova and sperm). Whichever gamete contributes to conception will pass on the allele it holds

law of independent assortment

different genes can pass on different alleles independently of each other. The gamete shold complete sets of DNA, the individual genes can be made up from alleles from either parents (dominant ones will be expressed by cells)

epigenesis

the way in which the environment (nurture) can affect the expression of genes (phenotype) or even the genes themselves (genotype through mutations)

eugenics

misrepresented theory of natural selection by promoting artificial selection to improve the human speciespos

positive eugenics

promoting reproduction among humans with good genes, like social incentives for target groups

negative eugenics

discouraging or preventing reproduction in humans with “bad” genes, like forced sterilizations and the holocaust