deuterostomia intro (chaetognatha, echinodermata, hemichordata)

in protostomes, the blastopore becomes the ___ first

mouth

what type of development and cleavage do protostomes undergo?

determinate, spiral

protostomes undergo _____coelous development

schizo

in deuterostomes, the blastopore becomes the ____ first

anus

what type of development and cleavage do deuterostomes undergo?

indeterminate, radial

deuterostomes undergo _____coelous development

entero

4 phyla within clade deuterostomia

xenoturbellida, echinodermata, hemichordata, chordata

phylum _____ was newly discovered

xenoturbellida

this is the name of the sister group to deuterostomes (not in protostomia or deuterostomia)

chaetognatha

2 phyla within superphylum ambulacraria

echinodermata, hemichordata

what does ambulacraria mean?

uses water to move

ambulacraria shares these 3 characteristics

three-part coelom, bilateral larvae, metanephridia

echinoderms live in _____ environments

marine

echinoderm basic lifestyle

free-living

where in the ocean are echinoderms typically found?

bottom

what is the echinoderm endoskeleton made of?

ossicles

echinoderm ossicles store…

calcium

as adults, echinoderms have ____ symmetry

pentaradial

the ____ _____ system is unique to echinoderms

water vascular

5 classes within phylum echinodermata

asteroidea, ophiuroidea, crinoidea, echinoidea, holothuroidea

example organism for class asteroidea

sea star

example organism for class ophiuroidea

brittle star

example organism for class crinoidea

sea lily

2 example organisms for class echinoidea

sand dollar, sea urchin

example organism for class holothuroidea

sea cucumber

are sea stars active predators?

yes

what is special about sea stars’ cardiac stomach?

it can evert

4 basic parts of water vascular system in sea stars

madreporite, canals, ampullae, tube feet

description and function of pedicellariae

pincerlike, keep aboral surface free of debris

description and 2 functions of dermal branchiae

skin gills, respiration, excretion

what is the name of the condition that causes sea stars to have white lesions and fragmentation?

sea star wasting disease

sea star wasting disease is caused by a ____virus

denso

what does ophiuroidea mean?

snakelike stars

do sea stars or brittle stars move faster?

brittle stars

what is the most notable feature of brittle stars?

long slender arms

which side of sea stars is the madreporite present on?

aboral surface

which side of brittle stars is the madreporite present on?

oral surface

the test of an echinoid is ____ and _____

rigid, interlocking

an echinoid’s long tube feet are actually modified…

ambulacra

what is the name of echinoid chewing apparatus?

aristotle’s lantern

what type of things do echinoids eat (adjective)

crunchy

what substance do echinoids take from coral reefs?

calcium carbonate

____ ____ may be poorly developed or absent in sea cucumbers

tube feet

some sea cucumbers are ___-dwelling

tube

sea cucumbers may modify oral tube feet into ______ for food capture

tentacles

how many ambulacra do sea cucumbers use to crawl?

2 or 3

is the body wall of a sea cucumber flexible?

yes

sea cucumber ossicles are reduced to small _____ and ____

spicules, plates

where do sea cucumbers breathe from?

anus

what structures perform gas exchange in sea cucumbers?

respiratory trees

is the water vascular system of a sea cucumber connected to ocean water?

no

what fluid do sea cucumbers use for their water vascular system?

coelomic fluid

which class is the most ancient and primitive of echinoderms?

crinoidea

sea lilies are ______ feeders

suspension

hemichordata was once considered a subphylum of…

chordata

______ are sedentary bottom-dwellers in shallow waters

hemichordates

describe shape of hemichordates

wormlike

which 2 chordate characteristics do hemichordates exhibit?

pharyngeal gill slits, dorsal hollow nerve cord

original purpose for pharyngeal gill slits

let excess water out

why is the dorsal nerve cord hollow?

double surface for impulse transmission

function of notochord

protect nerve cord

original purpose of endostyle

secrete mucus

2 classes within phylum hemichordata

enteropneusta, pterobranchia

common name for organisms in class enteropneusta

acorn worms

enteropneusta lifestyle

free-living

2 feeding methods for enteropneusta

suspension, deposit

pterobranchia meaning

winged gills

pterobranchs are essentially like deuterostome ________

lophotrochozoans

how do pterobranchs capture food?

tentacle crown

describe shape of pterobranch gut and location of anus

u-shaped, anus near mouth

pterobranch reproduction is ______, done by ______

asexual, budding