Murdock

What did Murdock define family as?

“The family is a social group characterised by common residence, economic cooperation and reproduction. It includes adults of both sexes, at least two of whom maintain a socially approved relationship, and one or more children, own or adopted of the sexually cohabiting adults”

How many societies did Murdock survey in 1949?

250

What did Murdock conclude from his surveys from different societies?

Nuclear families are universal

What did Murdock suggest the nuclear family performs?

Four essential functions that benefit family and ensure a smooth running society

What is the first essential function that Murdock says nuclear families perform?

Reproduction

What does reproduction provide?

New members of a society, children showing symbolism of couples emotional commitment and stabilise family life

What is the second essential function that Murdock says nuclear families perform?

Education/Socialisation

What is the third essential function that Murdock says nuclear families perform?

Economic

What is the fourth essential function that Murdock says nuclear families perform?

Sexual