Chapter 3: Types of Constitutional Powers

A comprehensive vocabulary review of the various types of governmental powers outlined in Chapter 3, Part 3 of the U.S. Constitution notes.

Expressed / Enumerated Powers

Powers delegated to the national (federal) government by the U.S. Constitution, located in Article I, Section 8 (all clauses, not just the last one). Examples include declaring war, raising armies, coining money, and regulating commerce between states.

Implied Powers

National powers that are not specifically written in the Constitution but are inferred from other powers. They are derived from the Necessary and Proper Clause, allowing Congress to pass laws to carry out its delegated powers.

Inherent Powers

Powers understood to be derived from the fact that the U.S. is a sovereign nation, like self-protection and adding land.

Reserved Powers

Powers not delegated to the national government that belong to the states or the people, derived from the 10th (X) Amendment.

Concurrent Powers

Powers that can be exercised by both state and national governments, independent of one another or at the same time.

Prohibited Powers

Powers denied to the national government, states, or both.

Necessary and Proper Clause

The constitutional clause from which implied powers are derived, granting Congress the authority to pass laws to carry out its delegated powers.

10th (X) Amendment

The constitutional amendment from which reserved powers are derived, establishing that powers not delegated to the national government belong to the states or the people.

Article I, Section 8

The section of the U.S. Constitution (all clauses, not just the last one) where expressed/enumerated powers are located.