SPAU 3305 - Exam 1 Pt. 1

Language and Literacy Development. rawankarim99

Cytoarcheticuture

each brain is unique, containing a certain number of neurons connected to each other in particular ways

Areal Organization

localization of cognitive functions

Double Dissociation

damage to an area of the brain that is going to cause a deficit to one aspect of a skill

Glial Cells

help provide a hospitable environment so that neurons can do their jobs

Pyramidial

send & receive messages

Synapgenesis

cells are making connections in utero

Dendritic Arborization

sprouting of new dendrites

Axonal Mylination

fatty coating speeds up firing

Regressive Processes

born with extra cells, dont need all of them

Proliferation

we have more brain cells in more refined areas

Teratogens

any foreign substance that can cause harm during the embryonic or fetal stages of development

Nativist

abilities are innate and predetermined

Empiricist

intellegence is shaped by environmental input

Constructivist

nature + nurture are equally important

Spoken Language Competence

-kids who enter school with spoken language have an easier time to read
-the kids who have spoken language competence have better social relationships
-spoken language competence show higher language skills

Parent toChild language goal

-get kid to do something
-get kid to stop doing something

Child to parent language goal

-need parent to do something for them
-asking for explanations about the world

Skills of Competent Speakers

-recognize intention of communication
-gauge possible reactions from their listeners
-choose words that are most effective

Skills of Competent Listeners

-infer meaning (facial expressions)
-remember the details

Quantity Principle

be informative, but use the right amount of info

Quality Principle

being truthful w/o exaggerating, don't make assertions without evidence

Relation Principle

stay relevant, focus on the topic

Manner Principle

don't want to be too brief (people need more info)

Proper Use of Ancilliary

irony, sarcasm, metaphor, humor, lying

Phonological Processing

the ability to recognize and correctly pronounce sounds represented in a language

Receptive Phonological Skills

ability to recognize sounds and typical sound patterns

Phonemes - Receptive

the smallest unit of sound
English language has 45 phonemes
further breakdown
differentiate between individual speech sounds

Syllable - Receptive

phonemes come together to make syllables, or segments of words

Word - Receptive

words are composed of syllables, which are formed by a letter or group of letters

Prosody - Receptive

begins with motherese/infant directed speech

Productive Phonological Competence

-ability to produce sounds and sound patterns when speaking
-produce all of the phonemes in native language
-combine phonemes into syllables and words
-create multi world expression

Onset

(word beginnings), matching the beginning sounds of word

Rime

(word endings) matching the ending sounds of words

Articulation Disorder

when receptive processing functions properly, but production impaired

People who cant hear well

when production functions properly, but reception impaired

Cohort Models

narrow down a word based on how it unfolds.
your brain thinks of whats next

Neighborhood Activation Model

determine a word based on its neighbor

Spreading Activation

when an onset is heard, information is sent along a network

Statistical Learning

combining pattern detection and computational abilities

Receptive - Birth to 4 Months

newborn preference for mothers language
preference for voice of mother over stranger
matching of prosodic properties

Receptive - 5 to 8 months

sensitivity to non-native vowel declines
syllable stress needed for parsing

Receptive - 9 to 12 months

preference for own language
phonemes, phonatic patterns

Receptive - 13 months +

greater understanding of the process
predictive value in segmenting

Productive - Birth to 12 months

reflexive cry
cooing and laughter
vocal play

Canonical Babbling

reduplicate babbling

Variegated Babbling

non-reproductive babbling