GY101 Test 2: Dr. Islam

When altitude increases

air pressure decreases

When altitude decreases

air pressure increases

What is a barometer?

An instrument that measures atmospheric pressure

What is an isobar?

Same pressure line on the weather map.

What is an isotherm?

Same temperature line on the weather map.

What does high to low pressure mean?

Strong winds

What is the pressure radiant?

The pressure difference.

What is the temperature radiant?

The temperature difference.

What direction do winds go?

horizontally

If the isobar lines are closely together, what does this mean for the pressure gradient?

Pressure gradient is very high. This also means there are strong winds

If the isobar lines are spaced out, what does this mean for the pressure gradient?

Pressure gradient is low. It also means there will be slower winds.

What are the factors causing air pressure to change?

Altitude, elevation, temperature, earth rotational force, and regional air circulation.

Does wind move from high pressure to low pressure? or from low pressure to high pressure?

High to low

What influences the direction of wind?

Pressure gradient, friction, and the Corolis force.

Coriolis effect

Apparent deflection of wind.

Which way does wind deflect in the northern hemisphere?

To the right of its direction

Which way does wind deflect in the southern hemisphere?

To the left of its direction.

What is geotropic wind?

When the Corolis effect is counterbalanced by pressure gradient.

Is the Coriolis effect higher or lower in high latitudes?

It is higher.

Is the Coriolis effect higher or lower in low latitudes?

It is lower.

What is the Coriolis effect perpendicular to?

Pressure Gradient

Friction is the opposite of

pressure gradient

Is the sea a high- or low-pressure system?

High pressure system

Is land a high- or low-pressure system?

Low pressure system

How do you give wind its name?

By its origination (ex: northeast winds bc its coming from the northeast)

Warm air creates

Low pressure system and it rises up

Cold air creates

high pressure system and descends

Where is the Hadley cell located?

Between the equator and subtropical high

Why is it called horse latitudes?

Because they would keep/kill horses based on the winds.

What creates a low pressure cyclone?

Direction of wind going anti-clockwise, air rising, convergent wind circulation, Counterclockwise convergent in the northern hemisphere • Clockwise convergent in the Southern hemisphere

What creates a high pressure anticyclone?

Direction of wind clockwise, Air descends toward the surface, Creates a divergent wind circulation, Clockwise divergent in the northern hemisphere, Counterclockwise divergent in the southern hemisphere.

To create a land breeze..

The cool air over the land sinks, creating high pressure. Warm air over water rises, creating low pressure. This creates an offshore breeze

A valley or anabatic breeze is created when air from..

Lower elevations is heated more efficiently and rises, creating an upslope breeze.

The strongest katabatic winds form

mountain breezes in Antarctica and Greenland.

What causes wind to converge near the equator to be deflected to the west?

This rotational effect is known as the Coriolis effect.

Why is air pressure, high and low, a distinctive pattern?

unequal heating across the Earth's surface and the pressure gradient force.

Atmospheric pressure can be measure?

in millibars, bars, inches of mercury, and pascals.

When viewed from below the south pole, the polar easterlies?

flow counterclockwise around the pole

Which of the following circulation patterns is characteristic of a cyclone or a low pressure in the southern hemisphere?

Air flowing inward, clockwise

Which of the following circulation patterns is characteristic of an anticyclone or high pressure in the southern hemisphere?

Air flowing outward, counterclockwise

Which of the following statements is true regarding either a low or high pressure parcel of air at the surface?

Lower temp, higher density air sinks, creating higher pressure at the surface

More and more wind deflection occurs with height because

Friction decreases with height and deflection by the Coriolis effect increases with wind speed

why does the ITCZ shift more dramatically over land then over the oceans in the summer months?

Because the heating of the land is more intense

The Hadley cell is characterized by

low pressure with rising air over the equator and high pressure with sinking air at 30 degrees north and south

In the northern hemisphere, the westerlies are created by the Coriolis effect acting on air...

From the subtropical high flowing to the subpolar low

Foehn Winds (Chinook Winds)

a type of dry, relatively warm, downslope wind that occurs in the lee (downwind side) of a mountain range.

katabtic winds

most commonly found blowing out from the large and elevated ice sheets of Antarctica and Greenland.

Which way do small- and large-scale air movements go?

up/down

If there is an increase in temp and volume, then

an increase in pressure

Subtropical is high or low pressure

High

The equator and subpolar is high or low pressure

Low

Intertropical convergence zone (FPCZ)

Is a low pressure system

Corolis effect is highest where

At the poles

Coriolis force

a rightward deflection of wind in the Northern Hemisphere

Global scale

Fundamental largest scale wind system follows the global pressure system

Which direction does the jet stream flow?

East to West

Rossby waves are

naturally occur in rotating fluids. Within the Earth's ocean and atmosphere, these waves form as a result of the rotation of the planet.

Does pressure and density increase and decrease at the same times?

Yes. Directly related

Does pressure and temp increase and decrease at the same time?

Yes. Directly related

If you have less pressure, will volume increase or decrease?

Volume increases

If you have more pressure, will volume increase or decrease?

Volume decreases