Chp 6 HW + Quiz - Biology

46 & 23

A Karyotype w/ the Chromosomes in a Female Human Somatic Cell arranged according to Length. How many Chromosomes are in a Human Somatic Cell, & in a Human Gamete Cell?

20 (40/2)

Imagine a Hypothetical Organism (animal, plant, or bacterium). A DIPLOID Cell from this organism has 40 Chromosomes. How many Chromosomes would be found in a HAPLOID GAMETE of this Organism?

Homologous

Matched Pairs of Chromosomes which are the Same Length & have Genes at the Same Locations, One from the Mother & One from the Father, are called _____ chromosomes

The Cell Grows & Makes Proteins, the Organelles are Duplicated, & the DNA is Replicated

What is happening, in the Cell Cycle, during Interphase?

Sister Chromatids

DNA Replication results in the formation of 2 identical copies of each chromosome, which are called ________

Two Genetically Identical Diploid Cells

The Products of MITOSIS are:

1. The Chromosomes CONDENSE & the Nuclear Membrane Dissolves

2. The Spindle Fibers (microtubules) form & attach to the Sister Chromatids

3. Sister Chromatids LINE UP at the Metaphase Plate

4. The Sister Chromatids now called Chromosomes are pulled to Opposite Ends of the cell

5. The Nucleus Reforms & Cell Divides

What is the Correct Order of Events in Mitosis?

To allow Multicellular Organisms to GROW & REPLACE Damaged Cells

What is the Function of MITOSIS?

Cytokinesis

During which Stage of the Cell Cycle are Cell Organelles (like mitochondria, lysosomes, ribosomes) DIVIDED (separated or sorted) into 2 new cells?

To Produce an ACCURATE & COMPLETE DNA Replication

What is NECESSARY for a Cell to PASS the G2 Checkpoint?

Proto-Oncogene

A Gene (section of DNA) that codes for Positive Cell Cycle Regulation is called a _______

Cancer

Uncontrolled Cell Division is called ________

• Linear (non-looped)

  • Larger

  • Found in nucleus

  • Chromatin (relaxed form)

  • Chromosome (condense form)

• Small

• Circular

• Found in the Nucleoid

Which Trait Characterizes a Eukaryotic Genome Best?

FALSE

All Organisms have 46 Total Chromosomes

Homologous Chromosomes

_____ are a Pair of Chromosomes that are found in a Set, have the Same Genes w/ Variation, & are the Same Length

The Duplication of a Somatic Cell

Mitosis is ______

1. Mitotic Phase

2. Interphase

What are the Two Main Phases of the Cell Cycle?

G1

Which Phase of the Cell Cycle allows the Cell to Recover from Mitosis by Growing & Duplicating Organelles?

S

The _____ phase is where DNA Replicates

Nucleolus BREAKS down, Spindle Fibers FORM, Centrosomes MOVE to the poles of the cell

Prophase

Chromosomes LINE UP in the Center of the cell

Metaphase

Centromeres DISSOLVE, Sister Chromatids Separate

Anaphase

Daughter Chromosomes are on Opposite Sides of the Cell, Nucleus & Nucleolus REFORM, Spindle Fibers BREAK down

Telophase

Proto-Oncogenes

______ are genes that are NECESSARY to Move the Cell Cycle forward but can cause Cancer if they are MUTATED

Apoptosis

____ is programmed Cell Death

G2 Checkpoint

Which is the Checkpoint of the Cell Cycle that CHECKS for DNA Replication damage prior to Mitosis?

Cancer

____ is the name for Multiple Diseases caused by UNCONTROLLED Cell Division

Cancer

Uncontrolled cell division results in

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

What are the 4 Stages/Steps in order in the Mitosis Cycle of Cell Division?

Centrioles at the Centrosomes

What Cell Body forms Spindles during Cell Division?

Telophase

In this phase, Mitosis in the Mitotic Phase is Complete

All Living Things

In what Organisms does Cell Division Occur?

Interphase

What Stage of Cell Division takes the LONGEST?

Cytokinesis

What is the SECOND Stage of the Mitotic Phase of Cell Division?

Metaphase

In which Cell Division Phase are the Chromosomes in a Straight Line in the Center of the Cell?

Telophase

The Chromosomes begin to Relax & Uncoil in which phase of cell division?

Anaphase

In which Cell Division Phase do Chromosomes begin to be PULLED to Opposite Ends of the Cell?

Prophase

What is the First Phase of Mitosis in which the chromosomes begin to Condense or Thicken?