Ankle and Foot Complex (Osteology and Arthrology)

Vocabulary flashcards covering the osteology and arthrology of the ankle and foot complex, including specific bones, bony landmarks, joints, and regions.

Tibia

A long weight-bearing bone of the leg that is the second largest bone in the body after the femur, consisting of proximal, body, and distal parts.

Fibula

A long bone running parallel to the tibia that contributes $17\%$ to weight-bearing, consists of proximal, body, and distal parts, and articulates with the tibia via superior and inferior tibio-fibular joints.

Talus

The third bone forming the ankle joint, which lies between the malleoli of the tibia and fibula, has no muscle attachments but several ligamentous attachments, and articulates with the lower surface of the tibia.

Calcaneus

The largest tarsal bone in the foot, whose posterior surface serves as the attachment point for the Achilles tendon.

Medial Malleolus

The inner bony projection located at the distal end of the tibia.

Lateral Malleolus

The outer bony projection located at the distal end of the fibula.

Talocrural Joint

The ankle joint formed between the tibia, fibula, and talus.

Subtalar Joint

A weight-bearing synovial joint formed by the body of the talus superiorly and the body of the calcaneum inferiorly that permits inversion and eversion movements.

Forefoot

The anterior region of the foot composed of the metatarsals and phalanges.

Midfoot

The middle region of the foot composed of the navicular, cuboid, and three cuneiforms.

Hindfoot

The posterior region of the foot composed of the calcaneus and talus.

Sesamoid Bones

Small, pea-shaped bones located in the tendons under the ball of the big toe joint that relieve stress on the tendons of the $1\text{st}$ metatarsal, assist with weight-bearing, and act as a pulley system during movement.

Ankle and Foot Bones Overview

The ankle and foot complex contains $28$ total bones, consisting of $1$ tibia, $1$ fibula, $7$ tarsals, $5$ metatarsals, and $14$ phalanges.

Ankle and Foot Joints Overview

The ankle and foot complex contains $40$ total joints, including the talocrural, subtalar, inferior tibiofibular, intertarsal, metatarsophalangeal, and interphalangeal joints.

Bones of the Foot

Anatomical classification of foot bones into tarsals (medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, lateral cuneiform, cuboid, navicular, calcaneus, talus), metatarsals, and phalanges (proximal, intermediate, distal).

Bony Points of the Talus

Anatomical regions of the talus bone, including the head of talus, neck of talus, and body of talus.

Bony Points of the Calcaneus

Anatomical regions of the calcaneus, consisting of the body of calcaneus and the sustentaculum tali.

Bony Points of the Navicular

Anatomical landmarks of the navicular bone, consisting of the body of navicular and the tubercle of navicular.

Bony Points of the 5th Metatarsal

Anatomical landmarks of the fifth metatarsal bone, consisting of the tuberosity, base, shaft, and head.

Regions of the Foot Diagram

Structural regions of the foot divided into forefoot (metatarsals and phalanges), midfoot (navicular, cuboid, and cuneiforms), and rear foot / hindfoot (talus and calcaneus).

Bony Points of the Tibia

Key anatomical landmarks of the tibia, including the intercondylar eminence, lateral and medial tibial condyles, tibial tuberosity, pes anserinus attachment, anterior border, soleal line, medial border, shaft, and medial malleolus.

Bony Points of the Fibula

Key anatomical landmarks of the fibula, consisting of the head of fibula, shaft of fibula, and lateral malleolus.