Lectures 3-4: Emotions and Personality - Exam 1 MGMT 340 Professor Beenen

Affect vs. emotion vs. mood .✦ ݁˖

Affect = broad umbrella term for emotional experiences; emotion = intense, brief, and directed at something specific; mood = less intense, longer-lasting, and usually not tied to a specific stimulus.

What factors influence emotions and moods?

Personality, time/day, stress, social activities, sleep, exercise, age, and gender.

What are the Big 6 basic emotions? .✦ ݁˖

Happiness, sadness, fear, anger, surprise, and disgust. Basic emotions are considered universal across cultures.

How can emotions affect risk judgments? .✦ ݁˖

Emotions can change perceptions of risk and cloud rationality. Happiness can increase risk-taking; fear generally increases perceptions of risk.

How does happiness affect thinking and decisions?

It can improve creative problem solving, information integration, and recall, but can increase risk-taking and concessions in negotiations.

What is Broaden-and-Build Theory? .✦ ݁˖

Positive emotions broaden thinking and attention and help build lasting psychological, intellectual, and social resources.

What is emotional contagion? .✦ ݁˖

The transfer or spread of emotions from one person to another through social interaction and emotional cues.

What is emotional labor? .✦ ݁˖

Expressing organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal interactions, even when they differ from what you actually feel.

Emotional dissonance, surface acting, and deep acting

Emotional dissonance = conflict between felt and displayed emotions; surface acting = fake the required emotion; deep acting = try to actually feel the required emotion.

What is emotional intelligence (EQ)? .✦ ݁˖

The ability to recognize/regulate your own emotions and recognize/manage emotions in others.

What are the 5 dimensions of emotional intelligence? .✦ ݁˖

Self-awareness, self-regulation, self-motivation, empathy, and social skill.

What outcomes are associated with emotional intelligence?

Being liked/trusted, leadership and entrepreneurial success, job performance, and job satisfaction.

What is Affective Events Theory (AET)? .✦ ݁˖

Work events trigger positive or negative emotional reactions, which influence job satisfaction and performance.

What is the AET process?

Work environment → work events (hassles/uplifts) → emotional reactions → job satisfaction/performance. Personality and mood can strengthen or weaken reactions.

Mediator vs. moderator in AET

Work events and emotional reactions = mediators; individual dispositions such as personality/mood = moderator.

What is personality? .✦ ݁˖

Stable differences in individual attitudes, preferences, and behaviors across time and situations. Personality can be genetically influenced or socially learned.

What are the Big Five personality traits? .✦ ݁˖

Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism.

What is openness?

Creative, curious, flexible, willing to learn, and adaptable to change.

What is conscientiousness? .✦ ݁˖

Organized, disciplined, dependable, persistent, and achievement-oriented; the BEST Big Five predictor of job performance.

What is extraversion?

Sociable, expressive, dominant, and comfortable with interpersonal interaction; associated with leadership emergence.

What is agreeableness?

Cooperative, likeable, compliant, and considerate; useful in interpersonal/customer-service jobs.

What is neuroticism?

Tendency toward negative emotions, stress, and lower emotional stability; associated with lower life/job satisfaction.

Which Big Five traits are especially important for work/hiring? .✦ ݁˖

Conscientiousness, extraversion, and neuroticism; conscientiousness is the best general predictor of job performance.

What is a proactive personality?

Identifying opportunities, showing initiative, taking action, and persevering through difficulties.

What is self-monitoring?

Ability to adjust behavior to external/situational cues. High self-monitors adapt more; low self-monitors behave more consistently with personal values.

Internal vs. external locus of control .✦ ݁˖

Internal = outcomes are influenced by your own choices/actions; external = outcomes are influenced by circumstances outside your control.

What is core self-evaluation (CSE)? .✦ ݁˖

A combination of self-efficacy, internal locus of control, low neuroticism/high emotional stability, and self-esteem; high CSE is associated with ambitious goals and persistence.

What is the Dark Triad? .✦ ݁˖

Machiavellianism = manipulative; Narcissism = inflated self-importance; Psychopathy = low empathy/remorse.

What does Personality × Situation = Behavior mean? .✦ ݁˖

Behavior results from the interaction between personality traits and the situation/environment.

What is Situation Strength Theory?

Strong situations have clear expectations, constraints, consistency, and consequences, reducing the influence of personality on behavior.

What is Trait Activation Theory?

Different situations can activate the expression of particular personality traits.

What is person-environment (P-E) fit? .✦ ݁˖

How well someone's personality and values match their environment: Person-Organization, Person-Group, and Person-Job fit.

What is Person-Job (P-J) fit? .✦ ݁˖

How well a person's personality, values, and preferences match the requirements and characteristics of their job.

What does the Holland model explain?

Person-job fit; people tend to be more satisfied/effective when their personality fits their occupational environment.

Terminal vs. instrumental values .✦ ݁˖

Terminal values = desired end states/outcomes; instrumental values = preferred behaviors or ways of achieving those end states.

What are the 7 Hofstede/GLOBE cultural value dimensions? .✦ ݁˖

Power distance, individualism-collectivism, masculinity-femininity, uncertainty avoidance, long-term vs. short-term orientation, humane orientation, and performance orientation.

Power distance

Extent to which people accept unequal distribution of power.

Individualism vs. collectivism

Individualism emphasizes individual rights/independence; collectivism emphasizes group membership and social ties.

Masculinity vs. femininity

Masculinity emphasizes achievement, power, and control; femininity emphasizes more egalitarian values.

Uncertainty avoidance

Preference for structured rather than uncertain/unstructured situations.

Long-term vs. short-term orientation

Long-term = thrift, persistence, tradition, future focus; short-term = greater focus on the present and willingness to accept change.

Humane orientation vs. performance orientation

Humane orientation = values altruism/service to others; performance orientation = values improvement and excellence.