anatomy exam2

right, left upper & right, left lower

what are the 4 quadrants of the abdomen

Intraperitoneal: completely surrounded;

Retroperitoneal: only the anterior surface of the organ is covered

What is the correct definition of intraperitoneal organs and retroperitoneal organs?

mesentery proper

Which of the following is a mesentery attached to the small intestines?

mucosa

Which layer of the digestive organs is the innermost layer?

muscularis

Which layer of the digestive tract is primarily responsible for moving food through the digestive tract through muscular contractions?

esophagus

A person swallows a bite of food. Which structure transports the food from the pharynx to the stomach?

pylorus

This feature is the funnel into the small intestine from the stomach:

false

(True/False) The rugae in the stomach prevent the stomach from expanding when it fills with food.

parietal cells

Which type of stomach cell produces hydrochloric acid (HCI)?

intestinal crypts

What is the structure between the villi?

peyers patches

Which of the following is a structure on the Ileum?

absorbs nutrients

Which of the following is not a function of the large intestine?

appendicitis

A patient reports abdominal pain that began near the belly button and later moved to the right lower quadrant. Which condition should the nurses suspect?

muscularis

The taenia coli is a feature of what?

rectum

Which structure of the large intestine stores fecal matter?

false

(True/False) The internal anal sphincter is a voluntary muscle made of smooth muscle.

anal sinuses

Where is mucin released when compressed?

true

(True/False) The falciform ligament separates the right and left lobes of the liver.

visceral pleura

Which pleura directly covers the surface of the lungs?

the lung would collapse bc the potential space becomes filled

A patient has a condition that causes air to enter the pleural cavity. What would most likely happen to the lung on that side?

chyle/thoracic duct lymph

chylthorax

fluid/pleural effusions

hyrdothorax

air in cavity

pneumothorax

blood

hemothorax

true

(True/False) The mediastinal surface of each lung faces the mediastinum, which is located between the left and right pleural cavities.

left lung

Which lung contains the cardiac notch?

diaphragm and the external intercostal muscles

the muscles used for quiet breathing inhalation is the

phrenic nerve

Which nerve is primarily responsible for sending motor signals to the diaphragm to control breathing?

chyme

What is the name of the pasty, partially digested material produced in the stomach?

circulation

what is not a function of the digestive system

skeletal muscle

the tongue is made of

vestibule

What area of the oral cavity is located between the lips/cheeks and the teeth?

sound production, food manipulation, swallowing

whats the major fuction of the tongue

vallate

large papillae arranged near the back of the tongue

filform papillae

thin,bristle-like papillae that do not contain taste buds

fungiform

mushroom-shaped papillae scattered near the tip and sides of the tongue

foliate papillae

papillae located along the sides of the tongue

moistens food, cleans mouth, inhibits pathogen growth, starts digestion.

what are functions of saliva

true

(true or false) an extrinsic gland is located around the oral cavity

sublingual

located beneath the tongue

parotid

located near the cheek, anterior to the ear

submandibular

located beneath the mandible

enamel

which part of the tooth is made of mineralized calcium tissue

nourishes teeth

what is primary function of the pulp cavity

crushing/grinding

molars

slicing food

incisors

puncturing/tearing

canines

slicing food

pre-molars

voluntary

A person consciously moves food from their mouth towards the pharynx to begin swallowing. Which phase of swallowing is occurring?

false

(True/False) Peristalsis is the process of chewing food in the mouth before it enters the digestive tract.

1. nerve impulse arrives at neuromuscular junction

2. arch released into synaptic cleft

3. arch binds to receptors in motor end plate

4. impulse travels along sacrolemma & t-tubules

5. calcuim ions bind to troponin

6. troponin moves tropomyosin & exposes active sites on the actin

7. myosin heads bind to active sites & pivot

8. atp ioinds to myosin head

9. myosin heads oletaches firm actin & resets

10. nerve impulse stops

11. calcium ions thorspurt back to sarcoplasmic reticulum

12. tropomyosin covers active sites, myosin cannot bind muscle

skeletal muscle contraction summary

right primary bronchus

Which airway is wider and more vertical?

type 2 alveolar cells

which alveolar cells produce surfactant

type 1 alveolar cells

which alveolar cells preform most gas exchange

engulf particles, microorganisms, and debris

what do alveolar macrophagres do

reduces surface tension and helps prevent alveolar collapse

what does surfactant

parietal lines to the chest wall: visceral covers the lungs

what is the difference between parietal and visceral pleura

food mixed with saliva and formed for swallowing

what is bolus

semifluid mixture of partially digested food and gastric secretions

what is chyme

salivary amylase

what is the largest salivary gland

20

how many deciduous teeth are there

32

how many permanent teeth are there

peristalsis

what moves through the esophagus

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa

what are the 4 digestive tract wall layers

drapes over the intestines and continues fat , vessels, and immune tissue

what is the function of the greater omentum

mixes and propets digestive contents through contractions

what does the muecularis externa do

cheif cells

which stomach cells produce pepsinogen

duodenum

which region of the small intestine receives bile and pancreatic secretions

villi

which feature is absent from the large intestine mucosa

hepatic portal vein

which liver vessel brings nutrient - rich blood from digestive system

emulsify fats

what is the main digestive role of bile

insulin

which hormone lowers blood glucose

external anal sphincter

which anal sphincter is voluntary