Marine Scienice vocab 4

adhesion

water sticking to other materials because of its polar nature

Buoyancy

the upward force a fluid exerts on a immersed object

Aphotic Zone

the region below the photic zone where no sunlight reaches

Archimedes Principle

An immersed object is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of fluid it displaces

Biogeochemical cycle

The continuous flow of elements and compounds between living organisms and nonliving earth

Cohesion

water molecules sticking to each other because of the hydrogen bonds

Colligative properties

properties of a liquid that change when a solute is dissolved in it

Covalent Bond

A bond formed when atoms share electrons

Density

Mass per unit volume how tightly matter packed

Diffusion

Movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Echolocation

Using reflected sound to sense an object size, distance, density, and position

Heat Capacity

The heat energy needed to raise a given amount of a substance by a given temputure

Hydrogen Bond

A weak attraction between the s+ hydrogen of one water molecule and the s- oxygen of another

Hydrostatic Presure

The pressure exerted by weight of water itself

Hypertonic

Describes a solution with more solute than the cells interior

Isotonic

Describes a solution with solute equal to the cells interior

Latent Heat

Heat absorbed/realsed during a phase change with no change in temp

Nitrogen fixation

Converting N2 gas into usable compounds by certain bacteria/lighting

Nonconservative Constitutions

Dissolved substances whose concentrations vary independently of salinity because of biological and geological activity

Osmoconformer

An organisms whose internal salinity rises and falls with the surrounding water

Osmoregulator

An organism that keeps it internal salt/water balance steady regardless of the surround water

Osmosis

The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane

PH

A scale measuring acidity of alkalinity from the balance of hydrogen ions and hydroxyl ions

Photic Zone

The sunlit upper layer of the ocean where enough light reaches for photosynthesis

Solution

A mixture in which molecules of 1 substance are evenly dispersed among the molecules of another

Surface Tension

The tight skin like film cohesion creates at water surfaces

Thermal inertia

Tendency of water to resists changes in temp

Thermocline

The middle ocean layer where temp and density changes rapidly with depth

Viscosity

A fluid’s resistance to flow