Orgo - CH 2

What is drawn for partially condensed/ condensed structures

Partially Condensed- C-H bonds are not drawn just methyl groups

Condensed- single bonds not drawn

Rules for bond line

1. C atoms in a straight chain should be drawn in a zigzag way

2. all heteroatoms (not c and h) must be drawn and all H’s attached to heteroatom must be drawn

functional groups

characteristic groups of atoms/bonds that posses predictable chemical behavior

formal charge pattern in bond line for oxygen

1. - charge= 1 bond 3 lone pairs

2. no charge= 2 bonds 2 lone pairs

3. + charge= 3 bonds + 1 lone pair

*always shown w/ octet

formal charge pattern in bond line for nitrogen

1. - charge - 2 bonds 2 lone pairs

2. no charge 3 bonds 1 lone pair

3. + charge 4 bonds no lone pairs

*always shown w/ octet//highly e-

Resonance Hybrid

each resonance structure isn’t it’s own they are components of each structure

Curved arrows

have tail (where electrons are coming from)

have head (where electrons are going)

***dont represent the flow of electrons**

1. avoid breaking a single bond

2. never exceed an octet for second row elements

Formal charges on resonance structures

must always be drawn

Allylic vs vinylic position

allylic are on the outside and vinylic on the inside

5 resonance arrow rules

check pic

Significant resonance structures

the most significant resonance forms have the greatest # of filled octets

more covalent bonds is more significant

fewer formal charges

(-) charge on the more e- atom

Sp2 hybridized orbital has both pi bond and a lone pair- lone pair

Cant do resonance