Comprehensive English-Arabic Vocabulary Study Cards

Vocabulary practice cards providing definitions and Arabic glosses for essential English terminology covered across all 24 source documents.

Porous

Permeable; full of pores and capable of absorbing liquids or allowing fluids to pass through (نفاذ / مسامي).

Gamut

The entire range, scale, or series of something (سلم نغمات / سلسلة).

Scorching

Extremely hot, burning, or harsh (حارق لاذع).

Shrivel (wither)

To wrinkle, contract, dry up, or wither (يذبل).

Loom

To appear or stand out indistinctly, often in an impending or threatening manner (يلوح في الأفق).

Saga

A long, detailed narrative or story recounting heroic achievements or complex events (رواية طويلة).

Altruism

The desire to help others; unselfish concern for or devotion to the welfare of others (إيثار / العمل على مساعدة وسعادة الآخر).

Conspicuous

Clearly visible, noticeable, or attracting attention (ظاهر).

Posthumous

Occurring, awarded, or published after a person's death (بعد الموت).

Bolster (support)

To support, strengthen, or prop up (دعم).

Hiatus

A pause, gap, or interruption in continuity or an activity (فجوة فسحة).

Acquit

To officially declare someone not guilty of a criminal charge (يبرئ).

Superfluous

Unnecessary; exceeding what is sufficient or required (فائض لا لزوم له).

Perennial

Lasting or existing for a long or apparently infinite time; continually recurring (دائم ابدي).

Divisive

Tending to cause disagreement, hostility, or split among people (مسبب للخلاف).

Fend off (stave off / ward off / hold off)

To defend oneself against, repel, or ward off an attack or danger (يصد).

Creed (doctrine / dogma / tenet)

A set of fundamental beliefs, principles, or guiding tenets (عقيدة مبدأ).

Amiable (amicable / friendly / genial / cordial)

Having or displaying a friendly and pleasant manner (ودود لطيف).

Fortitude

Courage and strength of mind in bearing pain or adversity with firmness (ثبات وقوة).

Plod

To walk slowly and heavily, trudging along with heavy steps (يمشي بتثاقل كالسلحفاة).

Inscribe (carve)

To write, engrave, or carve words or symbols on a surface (ينقش ينحت / يرسم).

Preposterous

Contrary to reason or common sense; utterly absurd or ridiculous (مناف للعقل).

Defuse

To remove the fuse from an explosive, or to make a dangerous tension less harmful or calm it down (ينزع فتيل / يُعطل / يُخفف).

Reconcile

To restore friendly relations between parties or make consistent (يُصالح).

Defy

To openly resist, disobey, or challenge someone or something (يتحدى يُخالف يُنافس).

Lethargic

Sluggish, apathetic, or lacking energy and enthusiasm (كسول / خامل).

Soothe (alleviate)

To calm, relieve, or reduce pain, distress, or discomfort (يهدئ يخفف).

Reciprocal

Given, felt, or done in return; mutual (متبادل).

Fledgling

A person, group, or enterprise that is young, new, or inexperienced (جديد).

Purport

To claim or profess to be or do something, especially falsely (يزعم يدعي).

Prized for

Highly valued or appreciated because of specific qualities (يتم تقديره بسبب).

Endeavor

An earnest attempt, effort, or striving toward a specific goal (محاولة سعي / جهد).

Culinary

Related to cooking, food preparation, or the kitchen (مطبخي).

Disdain

The feeling that someone or something is unworthy of one's consideration or respect; contempt (ازدراء لا يحترم).

Flaw

A mark, blemish, imperfection, or fault (عيب خطأ).

Ephemeral

Lasting for a very short period; transient or fleeting (سريع الزوال).

Eradicate

To destroy completely, eliminate, or put an end to (يبيد).

Evoke

To bring or recall a feeling, memory, or image to the conscious mind (يثير).

Feat (exploit)

An achievement that requires great courage, skill, or strength (عمل بطولي / عمل).

Hemmed (flanked)

Surrounded, enclosed, or bordered on the sides (محاط من الجهات).

Taut

Stretched or pulled tightly; not slack (مشدود).

Drab

Dull, cheerless, and lacking brightness or interest (ممل / رتيب).

Abridge

To shorten a piece of writing or speech without losing the main sense (يختصر).

Concur

To agree with or be of the same opinion (يتوافق).

Postulate

To suggest or assume the existence, truth, or fact of something as a basis for reasoning (يفترض).

Mock (scorn / deride / ridicule / taunt / scoff)

To tease, ridicule, or make fun of someone or something in an unkind manner (يستهزئ).

Intrigue

To arouse the curiosity, interest, or fascination of someone (يسحر / يفتن).

Predecessor

A person who held a position, job, or office before the current holder, or an ancestor (سلف جد).

Condone

To accept, forgive, or allow behavior that is considered morally wrong or offensive (يسامح يتغاضى).

Bleak

Cold, dreary, depressing, or offering little or no hope (حزين / محبط).

Imbibe

To drink alcohol or other liquids, or absorb ideas or knowledge (يشرب).

Nocturnal

Active, occurring, or taking place during the night (ليلي).

Obsolete

No longer produced, used, or practiced; out of date (مهمل / قديم).

Ostentatious

Designed to impress, show off, or attract notice in an exaggerated, pretentious way (متفاخر / متباه).

Pamper

To indulge, treat with excessive care, attention, or comfort (يدلل).

Placid (tranquil)

Calm, peaceful, serene, and not easily irritated (هادئ).

Prone to (apt to)

Likely to suffer from, do, or experience something regrettable (عرضة لـ).

Rampant (rife)

Flourishing or spreading unchecked; widespread and uncontrolled (منتشر / متفشي).

Salvage

To rescue or save property, goods, or people from potential loss or destruction (ينقذ يُخلص).

Reluctant (unwilling)

Unwilling and hesitant; disinclined to take a course of action (متردد).

Embellish (ornament / embroider)

To make something more attractive by adding decorative details or features (يزين / يزخرف).

Hamper (hinder / impede)

To hinder, obstruct, or impede the movement or progress of (يعيق).

Rigorous (rigid / firm / stern / strict)

Extremely thorough, exhaustive, demanding, or strictly accurate (صارم).

Dismay

Sudden distress, anxiety, or fear caused by something unexpected (يخيف).

Abundant (ample)

Existing or available in large quantities; plentiful (وافر / كثير).

Aggravate

To make a problem, injury, or offense worse or more severe (يتفاقم).

Attire (garment)

Clothes or apparel, especially of a specified kind (ملابس).

Benevolence (philanthropy)

The quality of being well-meaning, kind, or charitable (احسان حب الخير).

Canine

Relating to or resembling a dog or dogs (متعلق بالكلاب).

Compelling

Evoking interest, attention, or admiration in a powerfully irresistible way; convincing (مقنع).

Contemplate

To look thoughtfully at, or ponder and think deeply about something for a long time (يتأمل يفكر بعمق).

Contradiction

A combination of statements, ideas, or features that are opposed to one another (تناقض).

Forerunner (trailblazer)

A pioneer or predecessor that heralds the arrival or development of another (رائد / ممهد الطريق).

Haven (sanctuary)

A place of safety, refuge, or sanctuary (ملجأ ملاذ).

Hibernate (sleep for a long period)

To spend the winter in a dormant, inactive state (يدخل في حالة سبات).

Disgruntled (unhappy)

Discontented, dissatisfied, irritated, or sulky (مستاء).

Exacerbate

To make a bad situation, problem, or pain worse and more acute (يتفاقم).

Stark

Severe, bare, sharp, or strikingly clear in appearance or outline (واضح صارم).

Nefarious

Wicked, villainous, or criminal (شرير خبيث).

Milestone

A significant event or stage in the development or progress of something (حدث مهم / إنجاز).

Disperse

To distribute, spread widely, or scatter in various directions (يُفرّق يُشتت).

Stamina

The ability to sustain prolonged physical or mental effort; endurance (قدرة على التحمل).

Waned

Decreased in vigor, power, extent, or size; diminished (قل / تضائل).

Withstand

To remain undamaged or unaffected by; resist or endure successfully (يصمد).

Plight (ordeal)

A dangerous, difficult, or otherwise unfortunate situation (محنة).

Simultaneously

At the same exact time; concurrently (في ذات الوقت).

Masquerade (disguise)

A false show, pretense, or disguise; to pretend to be someone one is not (يتنكر).

Deprived

Suffering a severe lack of basic necessities or positive benefits; prevented from having (محروم / ممنوع).

Overrun

To spread over or occupy in large numbers; exceed or invade (يجتاح يتجاوز).

Relic

An object surviving from an earlier time, especially one of historical interest (بقايا).

Ascetic

Practicing severe self-discipline and abstention from physical pleasure and luxury (زاهد متقشف بعيد عن المتعة).

Futile

Incapable of producing any useful result; pointless or in vain (عقيم عديم الجدوى).

Lavishly

In a very generous, abundant, or extravagant manner (بكثرة بسخاء).

Forfeit (confiscate)

To lose, surrender, or be deprived of property or rights as a penalty (يصادر).

Barren

Too poor or dry to produce much or any vegetation; bleak and lifeless (قاحل).

Decipher

To convert encoded language into normal speech or make sense of ambiguous text (يفك الشيفرة).

Omen

An event or sign regarded as a portent of good or evil to come (فأل / متكهن بشير).

Herald

A sign or messenger that something is about to happen, or to announce publicly (يعلن يبشر / رسول).

Acquiescence (compliance)

Reluctant acceptance or passive agreement without protest (اذعان / انصياع).

Articulate

Having or showing the ability to speak fluently and convey thoughts clearly (يتكلم بوضوح يبين).